Shukr Kuhayl I

Shukr ben Salim Kuhayl I (?–1865), also known as Mari (Master) Shukr Kuhayl I (

Messiah at a time when Jewish messianic expectations in Ottoman Yemen were ripe as a result of political turmoil. Divorcing his wife, he took up the life of an itinerant preacher to live in poverty and exhort the community to repentance. "I come to warn you and to remind you of repentance and redemption," he is reported to have said when publicly announcing his mission on a Sabbath in May 1861.^[1]

He was apparently a humble, ascetic and pious individual,[1] wearing ragged clothes, and removing himself to live alone on Mount Tiyal. At some point he began to indicate that he was no longer the messenger of the Messiah, but rather the Messiah himself. He inscribed messianic formulas on his hands, and "corrected" Isaiah 45:1 to read כה אמר ה' למשיחו לשוכר ("Thus said the Lord to Shukr, His anointed one...") instead of the traditional כה אמר ה' למשיחו לכורש ("Thus said the Lord to Cyrus, His anointed one..."), in this manner reading himself into the Biblical narrative.^[2]

The Jewish traveler

Jews of Yemen

at that time believed the messianic claims of Shukr Kuhayl I.

Although Kuhayl was very shortly thereafter killed by local

Arabs in 1865^[3]

—apparently under direction of the imam controlling the capital of San‘a’, who viewed his activities as a threat^[2]—there were many among his followers who did not accept his demise, and expected his imminent return. Among these were his sister and son, who did not mourn his death. They were soon enough rewarded in 1868 by the appearance of Judah ben Shalom, claiming to be the self-same recently deceased Shukr Kuhayl, who then went on to lead a very significant messianic movement, which attracted both Yemenite Jews and Arabs.

Notes and references

^ ^a ^b Klorman, Bat-Zion Eraqi (1993), The Jews of Yemen in the Nineteenth Century: A Portrait of a Messianic Community, Leiden: E.J. Brill
^ ^a ^b Lenowitz, Harris (1998), The Jewish Messiahs: From the Galilee to Crown Heights, New York: Oxford University Press
JSTOR 1454252
.

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shukr_Kuhayl_I&oldid=1119663071"

[Klorman_1993-1] Klorman, Bat-Zion Eraqi (1993), The Jews of Yemen in the Nineteenth Century: A Portrait of a Messianic Community, Leiden: E.J. Brill

[Lenowitz_1998-2] Lenowitz, Harris (1998), The Jewish Messiahs: From the Galilee to Crown Heights, New York: Oxford University Press

[Klorman_1989-3] JSTOR 1454252
.

[1]

[2]

[3]

See also

Notes and references