Shunt (medical)

Auscultogram

from normal and abnormal heart sounds

In

iatrogenic

shunts) may be either biological or mechanical.

Types

Cardiac shunts may be described as right-to-left, left-to-right or bidirectional, or as systemic-to-pulmonary or pulmonary-to-systemic.
skull but beneath the skin, somewhere behind the ear. Cerebral shunts that drain fluid to the peritoneal cavity
(located in the upper abdomen) are called ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts.

one-way valve is used to drain the excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain and transport it to the peritoneal cavity. Unlike the ventriculoperitoneal shunt, however, a lumbar-peritoneal shunt is usually inserted in between two of the vertebrae in the lumbar and punctures the cerebrospinal fluid sack or lumbar subarachnoid space, it then runs beneath the skin to the peritoneal cavity, where it is eventually drained away by the normal bodily fluid drainage system.^[1]

A Peritoneovenous shunt: (also called Denver shunt)^[2] is a shunt which drains peritoneal fluid from the peritoneum into veins, usually the internal jugular vein or the superior vena cava. It is sometimes used in patients with refractory ascites. It is a long tube with a non-return valve running subcutaneously from the peritoneum to the internal jugular vein in the neck, which allows ascitic fluid to pass directly into the systemic circulation. Possible compilations include bleeding from varices, disseminated intravascular coagulation, infection, superior vena caval thrombosis and pulmonary edema.
ventilation
fails to supply the perfused region.
A
Himalayans, and mix breeds. Acquired PSS is also uncommon and is found in older dogs with liver disease causing portal hypertension, especially cirrhosis
.

A portacaval shunt (portal caval shunt) is a treatment for high blood pressure in the liver.
A
hepatic vein. It is used to treat portal hypertension
.

VASP (Vesicoamniotic shunting procedure): Fetal lower urinary tract outflow obstruction prevents the unborn baby from passing urine. This can result in a reduction in the volume of amniotic fluid, and problems with the development of the baby's lungs and kidneys. A vesico–amniotic shunt is a tube that it is inserted into the unborn baby's bladder to drain the excess fluid into the surrounding space.^[3]