Sihathor

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Sihathor
Sahathor, Menuazra[1]
Sihathor's name on the Turin canon (second row from bottom)
Sihathor's name on the Turin canon (second row from bottom)
Pharaoh
Reignless than a year, "[...] months and 3 days" as a coregent with Neferhotep I[1]
CoregencyNeferhotep I
PredecessorNeferhotep I
SuccessorSobekhotep IV
Royal titulary
Prenomen  (Praenomen)
Ra Sihathor
(Rˁ)-s3-Ḥtḥr
Ra, the son of Hathor
M23
t		 L2
t		 <
raHwtt
pr		 G5G7G38Z1G7
>
Nomen
Menwadjre
Mn-w3ḏ-Rˁ
Ra, he whose prosperity is lasting
G39N5<
N5mnwAD
>
FatherHaankhef
MotherKemi
Buriallikely intended to be in Abydos close to those of his brothers
Dynasty13th dynasty

Menwadjre Sihathor was an ephemeral ruler of the

coregent with his brother Neferhotep I
.

According to Egyptologist Kim Ryholt, Sihathor died in 1733 BC[2] while Detlef Franke dates his short reign to 1694 BC.[3] His tomb is likely to be the unfinished one located between the tombs of his brothers S9 and S10, in Abydos.

Attestations

According to the latest reading of the Turin canon by Ryholt, Sihathor is recorded there on column 7, line 26 (Gardiner col. 6, line 26).[2] Sihathor is attested on two statues from the

Petrie Museum (UC1157), and a bead of unknown provenance, now in the Brooklyn Museum.[1][2][4] A few further seals mentioning a king's son Sihathor are known, but Ryholt concludes that they may correspond to another Sihathor.[2] Finally, Vivian Davies points to the existence of a statue of Sihathor made after his death and where he is only given the title of "king's son".[5]

Family

Scarab seals of the "Royal seal bearer, divine father Haankhef", the father of Sihathor, and "Princess, royal daughter Kema", daughter of Neferhotep, niece of Sihathor.[6]

The family of Sihathor is known thanks to the rock inscriptions of Philae and Sehel made by his brother Neferhotep I. Sihathor's father is thus known to be Haankhef, his mother was Kemi and his brothers were Neferhotep I and Sobekhotep IV, the later of whom eventually succeeded him on the throne.[2]

Tomb

The Egyptologist and archaeologist

Second Intermediate Period as well as from the earlier late Middle Kingdom. Two large tombs in particular, S9 and S10 are now believed to belong to Sihathor's pharaoh brothers, Neferhotep I and Sobekhotep IV. Indeed, evidences gathered from the neighbouring tombs reveal that a king Sobekhotep was buried in S10, who must be Sobekhotep IV given the size of the tomb, its general datation and location in Abydos. By extension, S9 is likely to belong to Neferhotep I.[7][8]

These attributions are crucial for locating Sihathor's tomb, as indeed Wegner has found an unfinished royal burial at the immediate north-east of S10, east of S9. According to him, its position suggest very strongly that it was intended for Neferhotep's chosen heir Sihathor. The burial seems to have been abandoned at the death of its intended owner, its massive granite sarcophagus reused at a later time, during the chaotic Second Intermediate Period.[9]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9
    , 2008, p. 430
  2. ^ a b c d e f g K.S.B. Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, excerpts available online here
  3. ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5
    , pp. 168–196.
  4. ^ Picture of the cylinder seal
  5. ISBN 3-8053-2526-6
  6. ^ Flinders Petrie: Scarabs and cylinders with names (1917), available copyright-free here, pl. XVIII
  7. S2CID 163519900
    .
  8. doi:10.5913/jarce.51.2015.a006
    .
  9. University of Chicago Oriental Institute. On Youtube The Pharaohs of Anubis-Mountain, 28 October 2015
    .
Preceded by
Thirteenth Dynasty
 Succeeded by
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