Soil solarization
Soil solarization is a non-chemical
Soil disinfestation
Soil solarization is a hydrothermal process of disinfecting the soil of pests, accomplished by solar power (referred to as solar heating of the soil in early publications) and is relatively a new soil disinfestation method, first described in extensive scientific detail by Katan in 1976.
Soil decontamination
A 2008 study used a solar cell to generate an electric field for electrokinetic (EK) remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil. The solar cell could drive the electromigration of cadmium in contaminated soil, and the removal efficiency that was achieved by the solar cell was comparable with that achieved by conventional power supply.[9]
In Korea, various remediation methods of soil slurry and groundwater contaminated with
History
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Attempts were made to use solar energy for controlling disease agents in soil and in plant material already in the ancient civilization of India[citation needed]. In 1939, Groashevoy, who used the term "solar energy for sand disinfection", controlled Thielaviopsis basicola upon heating the sand by exposure to direct sunlight[citation needed].
Soil solarization is the third approach for soil
The use of polyethylene for soil solarization differs in principle from its traditional agricultural use. With solarization, soil is mulched during the hottest months (rather than the coldest, as in conventional plasticulture which is aimed at protecting the crop) in order to increase the maximal temperatures in an attempt to achieve lethal heat levels.
In the first 10 years following the influential 1976 publication, soil solarization was investigated in at least 24 countries[11] and has been now been applied in more than 50, mostly in the hot regions, although there were some important exceptions. Studies have demonstrated effectiveness of solarization with various crops, including vegetables, field crops, ornamentals and fruit trees, against many pathogens, weeds and a soil arthropod. Those pathogens and weeds which are not controlled by solarization were also detected. The biological, chemical and physical changes that take in solarized soil during and after the solarization have been investigated, as well as the interaction of solarization with other methods of control. Long-term effects including biological control and increased growth response were verified in various climatic regions and soils, demonstrating the general applicability of solarization. Computerized simulation models have been developed to guide researchers and growers whether the ambient conditions of their locality are suitable for solarization.
Studies of the improvement of solarization by integrating it with other methods or by solarizing in closed glasshouses, or studies concerning commercial application by developing mulching machines were also carried out.
The use of solarization in existing orchards (e.g. controlling Verticillium in pistachio plantations) is an important deviation from the standard preplanting method and was reported as early as 1979.
References
- ^ ISSN 0032-079X.
- ISSN 0261-2194.
- ISSN 0031-949X.
- ^ ISSN 1820-3949.
- ISSN 0066-4286.
- ^ ISBN 9780890544198
- ISSN 0261-2194.
- ^ ISSN 0038-0717.
- PMID 18656308.
- S2CID 19062151.
- ^
Katan, J. (1987). "The first decade (1976–1986) of soil solarization (solar heating): A chronological bibliography". Phytoparasitica. 15 (3): 229–255. S2CID 31396706.
Further reading
- Katan, Jaacov; DeVay, James E. (1991). Soil Solarization. ISBN 9780849368684.