Speak (Anderson novel)
LC Class | PZ7.A54385 Sp 1999 |
Speak, published in 1999, is a
Speak is considered a
The novel was based on Anderson's personal experience of having been raped as a teenager and the trauma she faced.[5]
Since its publication, the novel has won several awards and has been translated into sixteen languages.[6] However, the book has faced censorship for its mature content.[7] In 2004, Jessica Sharzer directed the film adaptation, starring Kristen Stewart as Melinda.[8]
Speak: The Graphic Novel, illustrated by Emily Carroll, was published by Farrar, Straus, and Giroux February 6, 2018.[9] A 20th anniversary version of the novel featuring additional content was released in 2019 alongside the author's memoir, Shout.[10]
Synopsis
The summer before her freshman year of high school, Melinda Sordino meets senior Andy Evans at a high school party, who
Melinda is befriended by Heather, a girl from Ohio who is new to the community. However, once Heather realizes that Melinda is an outcast, she abandons her in favor of the "Marthas," a group of girls who seem charitable and outgoing but are actually selfish and cruel. As Melinda's depression worsens, she begins to skip school, withdrawing from her already distant (and somewhat neglectful) parents and other authority figures, who see her reclusiveness as a cry for attention. She slowly befriends her lab partner, David Petrakis, who encourages her to speak up for herself.
Melinda summons the courage to tell her former best friend Rachel, who has been dating Andy, about what happened at the party. While Rachel initially doesn’t believe Melinda, she realizes that this is the truth on prom night after Andy groped her. Enraged at Melinda for exposing him, Andy attacks Melinda in an abandoned janitor's closet. Melinda fights back against Andy, attracting the attention of fellow students. When word spreads about Andy's assaults against Melinda, the students no longer treat her as an outcast, but rather as a hero. Melinda finally regains her voice and tells her story to her art teacher.
Narrative style
Speak is written for young adults and middle/high school students. Labeled a
Theme
One theme of Speak is finding one's voice.
Post traumatic stress disorder
One interpretation of Melinda's behavior is that it is symptomatic of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of her rape.[1][4] Like other trauma survivors, Melinda's desire to both deny and proclaim what happened produces symptoms that both attract and deflect attention.[4] Don Latham and Lisa DeTora both define Melinda's PTSD within the context of Judith Herman's three categories of classic PTSD symptoms: "hyperarousal", "intrusion", and "constriction".[3][4] Melinda displays hyperarousal in her wariness of potential danger.[3][4] Melinda will not go over to David's house after the basketball game, because she is afraid of what might happen.[3][4] Intrusion is depicted in the rape's disruption of Melinda's consciousness.[4] She tries to forget the event, but the memories keep resurfacing in her mind.[4] Constriction is illustrated in Melinda's silence and withdrawal from society.[4] Latham views Melinda's slow recovery as queer in its diversion from the normal treatment of trauma.[4] Melinda's recovery comes as a result of her own efforts, without professional help.[4] Further, DeTora notes the connection between trauma and "the unspeakable".[3]
Point of view
Speak is a first-person, diary-like narrative. Written in the voice of Melinda Sordino, it features lists, subheadings, spaces between paragraphs and script-like dialogue. The fragmented style mimics Melinda's trauma.[1][2] The choppy sentences and blank spaces on the pages relate to Melinda's fascination with Cubism.[2] According to Chris McGee and DeTora, Anderson's writing style allows the reader to see how Melinda struggles with "producing the standard, cohesive narrative" expected in a teen novel.[2][3] Melinda's distracted narrative reiterates the idea that "no one really wants to hear what you have to say".[2] In her article, "Like Falling Up into a Storybook", Barbara Tannert-Smith says,
"In Speak, Anderson of necessity has to employ a nonlinear plot and disruptive temporality to emphasize Melinda's response to her traumatic experience: the novelist has to convey stylistically exactly how her protagonist experiences self-estrangement and a sense of shattered identity".[1]
By disrupting the present with flashbacks of the past, Anderson further illustrates the structure of trauma.[1] Anderson organizes the plot around the four quarters of Melinda's freshman year, starting the story in the middle of Melinda's struggle.[3] Anderson superimposed the fragmented trauma plot-line upon this linear high school narrative, making the narrative more believable.[3]
Symbolism and greater meaning
Throughout Speak, Anderson represents Melinda's trauma and recovery symbolically.[1] Barbara Tannert-Smith refers to Speak as a "postmodern revisionary fairy tale" for its use of fairy tale imagery.[1] She sees Merryweather High School as the "ideal fairy tale domain", featuring easily categorized characters—a witchy mother, a shape-shifting best friend, a beastly rapist.[1] Mirrors, traditional fairy tale tools, signify Melinda's struggle with her shattered identity.[1][4] After being raped, Melinda does not recognize herself in her reflection. Disgusted by what she sees, Melinda avoids mirrors. According to Don Latham, Melinda's aversion to her reflection illustrates acknowledgement of her fragmented identity.[4] In fact, the only mirror Melinda can "see herself" in, is the three-way mirror in the dressing room.[1][4] Rather than giving the illusion of a unified self, the three-way mirror reflects Melinda's shattered self.[1][4] Likewise, Melinda is fascinated by Cubism, because it represents what is beyond the surface.[1][4] Melinda uses art to express her voice. Her post-traumatic artwork illustrates her pain.[1] The trees symbolize Melinda's growth.[1] The walls of Melinda's closet are covered in her tree sketches, creating a metaphorical forest in which she hides from reliving her trauma.[1] According to Don Latham, the closets in the story symbolize Melinda's queer coping strategies.[4] Melinda uses the closet to conceal the truth.[4]
Anderson incorporates precursor texts that parallel Melinda's experience.[1] In the story, Melinda's English class studies Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, which features similar fairy tale imagery.[1] Hester Prynne, an outcast protagonist like Melinda, lives in a cottage at the edge of the woods. Hester's cottage parallels Melinda's closet.[1] For both women, the seclusion of the forest represents a space beyond social demands.[1] The deciphering of Hawthorne's symbolism mimics the process faced by readers of Melinda's narrative.[1] Similarly, Anderson connects Melinda's trauma to that of Maya Angelou, author of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Melinda places a poster of Angelou in her closet. She admires Angelou because her novel was banned by the school board. Melinda and Angelou were both outcasts.[1] Like Melinda, Angelou was silenced following her childhood rape.[4]
Honors and accolades
Speak is a
Awards
Speak has won several awards and honors, including:
- 1999 National Book Award Finalist[21]
- 1999 BCCB Blue Ribbon Book[22]
- 2000 SCBWI Golden Kite Award for Fiction[16]
- 2000 Horn Book Fanfare Best Book of the Year[23]
- 2000 ALA Best Books for Young Adults[17]
- 2000 Printz Honor Book[24]
- 2000 Top Ten Best Books for Young Adults[25]
- 2000 Fiction Quick Pick for Reluctant Young Adult Readers[26]
- 2000 Edgar Allan Poe Best Young Adult Award Finalist[27]
- 2001 New York Times Paperback Children's Best Seller[13]
- 2005 New York Times Paperback Children's Best Seller[14]
Censorship
Speak's difficult subject matter has led to censorship of the novel.[7] Speak is ranked 60th on the ALA's list of Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books for 2000–2009[28] and 25th for 2010–2019.[29] In 2020, the book was named the fourth most banned and challenged book in the United States "because it was thought to contain a political viewpoint and it was claimed to be biased against male students, and for the novel’s inclusion of rape and profanity."[30]
In September 2010, Wesley Scroggins, a professor at
In the 2006 Platinum Edition of Speak, and on her blog, Laurie Halse Anderson spoke out against censorship. Anderson wrote:
...But censoring books that deal with difficult, adolescent issues does not protect anybody. Quite the opposite. It leaves kids in the darkness and makes them vulnerable. Censorship is the child of fear and the father of ignorance. Our children cannot afford to have the truth of the world withheld from them.[33]
In her
See also
References
- ^ S2CID 145074033.
- ^ S2CID 144567845.
- ^ JSTOR 27647879.
- ^ S2CID 143591006.
- ISBN 9780374300289.
- ISBN 978-0-8108-7282-0.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8108-7282-0.
- ^ Andrea LeVasseur (2007). "Speak (2003)". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
- ISBN 978-1-4668-9787-8.
- ^ "Speak: 20th Anniversary Edition". madwomanintheforest.com. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
- ^ Carton, Debbie. Booklist Review. Booklist Online. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
- ^ JSTOR 40014090.
- ^ a b "Children's Best Sellers". New York Times. July 8, 2001. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ a b "Children's Best Sellers". New York Times. Sep 11, 2005. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ "Michael L. Printz Winners and Honor Books". Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA). 2007-03-15. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
- ^ a b "Golden Kite Awards Recipients". Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators. Archived from the original on 9 December 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ^ a b "Best Books for Young Adults". Young Adult Library Services Association. 29 September 2006. Retrieved 2 April 2012. Manczuk, Suzanne; etc., Tennessee Volunteer State Book Award Young Adults 2012
- ^ Burns, Tom, ed. (2008). "Laurie Halse Anderson". Children's Literature Review. 138. Gale, Cengage Learning: 1–24. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ^ "Children's Book Review: Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson, Author Farrar Straus Giroux $17 (198p) ISBN 978-0-374-37152-4".
- ^ Vizzini, Ned (Nov 5, 2010). "Angels, Demons and Blockbusters". New York Times. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ^ "National Book Awards - 1999". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ^ "1999 Blue Ribbons". The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books. Archived from the original on 5 February 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ "Horn Book Fanfare". The Horn Book Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 May 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ^ Bradburn, Frances; etc. "2000 Printz Award". Young Adult Library Services Association. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ Manczuk, Suzanne; etc. (29 September 2006). "2000 Top Ten Best Books for Young Adults". Young Adult Library Services Association. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ Long, Mary; etc. (29 September 2006). "Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers". Young Adult Library Services Association. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ "Edgars Database". Mystery Writers of America. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ "Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books 2000-2009". American Library Association. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ Banned & Challenged Books (2020-09-09). "Top 100 Most Banned and Challenged Books: 2010-2019". Office for Intellectual Freedom. American Library Association. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ Banned & Challenged Books (2013-03-26). "Top 10 Most Challenged Books Lists". Office for Intellectual Freedom. American Library Association. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ a b Scroggins, Wesley (Sep 17, 2010). "Filthy books demeaning to republic education". News-Leader. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ Doyle, Robert (2011). "Books Challenged or Banned in 2010-2011" (PDF). Newsletter of Intellectual Freedom: 4. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
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(help) - ISBN 0-14-240732-1.
- ISBN 978-0-8108-7282-0.
- ^ JSTOR 30047174.
- ^ a b c d Alsup, Janet (October 2003). "Politicizing Young Adult Literature: Reading Anderson's Speak as a Critical Text". Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. 47 (2): 158–166. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
- ^ O'Quinn, Elaine (Fall 2001). "Between Voice And Voicelessness:Transacting Silence in Laurie Halse Anderson's Speak". The ALAN Review. 29 (1): 54–58. Retrieved 11 April 2012.