Spiral Butte
| Spiral Butte | |
|---|---|
US 12 is in the foreground. | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 5,929 ft (1,807 m)[1] |
| Coordinates | 46°39′53″N 121°21′16″W / 46.6648254°N 121.3544297°W |
| Geography | |
| Location | Yakima County, Washington, United States |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | <690,000 years |
| Mountain type | Cinder cone |
| Volcanic arc | Cascade Range |
Spiral Butte is a cinder cone in Yakima County, Washington in the United States. The summit and most of the slopes are located within the William O. Douglas Wilderness of the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest between White Pass and Rimrock Lake.[2] Historically the mountain has also been referred to as Big Peak.[3] The present name stems from its orientation with a lava flow extending north out of the cone before spiraling east and then south. US 12 runs along the southern slope of the butte.[4]
Geography and Geology
Spiral Butte is located in the Cascade Range in the Pacific Northwest. This mountain range exhibits several volcanoes which formed as the Juan de Fuca Plate located off the coast subducted under the North American Plate. Volcanoes in the range extend from Northern California to British Columbia, including Mount Rainier nearby as well as Mount St. Helens and Mount Shasta.
The cinder cone is modestly eroded and believed to be a satellite vent of Goat Rocks, an extinct and eroded stratovolcano to the south. The volcanic field for Goat Rocks extends from the mountains themselves north to American Ridge near Bumping Lake. Spiral Butte is surrounded by other Goat Rocks vents and lava flows, such as Tumac and Cramer Mountains to the north and Round Mountain to the south. Spiral Butte is separated from Round Mountain, which is in the Goat Rocks Wilderness by the canyon that Clear Creek flows through.[5]
Exposed lava from Spiral Butte is hornblende dacite which has moderately high silica content. Other Cascade volcanoes also exhibit deposits of dacite.[6] The exposed lava is less than 690,000 years old.[5]
Recreation
Located within the William O. Douglas Wilderness of the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, motorized vehicles are not allowed on Spiral Butte. A trail ascends the butte, connecting it to other backcountry trails in the region. The closest trailhead is the Sand Ridge Trailhead on US 12 near Dog Lake. Hiking directly from the Sand Ridge Trailhead is an 11 mi (18 km) round trip with 2,500 ft (760 m) of elevation gain. Being a cinder cone, the trail up the butte is sandy. Visitors climb through a ponderosa pine forest that transitions to Douglas fir and other similar trees with altitude. White Pass Ski Area, Rimrock Lake, and nearby volcanoes are visible from the summit.[7]
References
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Spiral Butte
- ^ "William O. Douglas Wilderness: Okanogan-Wenatchee". United States Forest Service. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
- ^ "Geographic Names Information System". edits.nationalmap.gov. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ^ "Celebrate GIS Day with new lidar images of Washington's geologic landforms!". WASHINGTON STATE GEOLOGY NEWS. November 17, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ^ a b "DNR Map Viewer". geologyportal.dnr.wa.gov. Washington State Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ^ Mullineaux, Donald R.; Crandell, Dwight R. (June 2, 2017). "The Eruptive History of Mount St. Helens". Volcano World. Oregon State University. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ^ "Spiral Butte". Washington Trails Association. Retrieved March 3, 2023.