Stratford General Strike of 1933

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The Stratford General Strike of 1933 was a strike by 650 furniture workers and 100 chicken-pluckers in Stratford, Ontario, Canada.[1] The strikes were led by workers from recently unionized factories in the Stratford area with the purpose of securing higher wages. It also represented the final time the Canadian military was called to assist in quelling a strike.

Background and history

After the

Toronto.[3] The individual actions began on September 15, 1933, with strikes in the six of the seven local furniture-making factories that the League had successfully unionized, and spread in subsequent days to the (mainly) women and men at Swift's Meat Packing Plant, a poultry company, who had unionized as the Food Workers' Industrial Union.[3][4]

Initially the conflict was verbal. Employers denounced the WUL as a communist conspiracy, offered inducements for "loyal" workers who did not strike, and threatened to close the factory.

World War One, at 20 cents per dozen for the former and 35 cents per pound for the latter.[4]

In response to the incident at Swift's, the mayor of Stratford requested the support of the Canadian military, and soldiers arrived by train along with machine gun carriers.[3] At its height there were more than 2,000 workers out on strike, including sympathy strikes, and the strikers' response to the calling in of the military was to organize a large rally and parade.[6] The machine gun carriers, from Carden Loyd, were never employed in the end.[3][7] The strike ended peacefully in November of the same year, with one of its local leaders, Oliver Kerr, actually elected as mayor of Stratford the next year.[6][3] It was to be the last time that the Canadian military was called out to help with a strike.[8]

The strikers, the chicken pluckers having been paid 2 cents per bird before the strike, were given a 10% pay raise and their work weeks were (variously in the different factories) limited to between 44 and 50 hours.[4]

Legacy

World War Two and the end of the steam railway era causing a decline in the town's fortunes, that caused a sense of gloom in Stratford over the next couple of decades that Patterson sought to dispel.[10]

The popular public perception that "baby tanks" had been used was a contributory factor in George Stewart Henry losing the 1934 Ontario general election to Mitchell Hepburn.[5][7][11] The four machine gun carriers that arrived with the two companies of the Royal Canadian Regiment were promptly and widely mis-reported in the press as "baby tanks".[7][12] The contemporary play Eight Men Speak reflects this perception with the dialogue "In Stratford ... troops and tanks were called in to terrorize the strikers and crush their struggle." in Act 4,[13] and accounts of events even half a century later continued this popular description, such as Adelaide Leitch's Floodtides of Fortune account in 1980 saying "Four baby tanks, each with two men and armed with machine guns [...]".[14] The "baby tanks" were not in fact tanks at all,[15][16] but Carden Loyd tankettes, machine gun carriers with continuous tracks, that the Regiment had only recently acquired.[5] G.S. Henry himself stated:

No tanks were sent to Stratford. Four Carden Loyd machine gun carriers automatically accompanied Headquarters and "C" Company to Stratford. These are part of the equipment, they being the modern method of transporting the machine guns belonging to this unit.

— Answer from the Prime Minister in the
Ontario Legislative Assembly on 1934-03-02[17]

Having used the Stratford strike as a political weapon against Henry and the Tories, Hepburn himself would go on to use similar tactics in the General Motors strike in Oshawa in 1937, where he first sent in 100 Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers and a squad of the Ontario Provincial Police, and then (the police having been sent away) swore in as special constables 400 veterans and university students, immediately dubbed "Hepburn's Hussars".[18]

References

  1. ^ Lyon Endicott 2012, p. 210.
  2. ^ Bart-Riedstra 2002, p. 77.
  3. ^ a b c d e Bart-Riedstra 2002, p. 78.
  4. ^ a b c d e Stacey 2014, p. 17.
  5. ^ a b c d e Morton 1998, p. 144.
  6. ^ a b Walker 2001, p. 67–68.
  7. ^ a b c CDQ 1990, p. 33.
  8. ^ Melady 2013, p. 175.
  9. ^ Walker 2001, p. 67.
  10. ^ Melady 2013, p. 176.
  11. ^ Berchem 1996, p. 160.
  12. ^ Bell & Stacey 1983, p. 83.
  13. ^ Filewod 2013, p. 36.
  14. ^ Leitch 1980, p. 163.
  15. ^ Salutin 1984, p. 81.
  16. ^ Filewod 2013, p. 101.
  17. ^ JOLA 1934, p. 80.
  18. ^ Siggins 1979, p. 37.

Reference bibliography

Further reading

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