Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gendarmerie royale du Canada | |
---|---|
Royal North-West Mounted Police (RNWMP) (1873) | |
Employees | 30,092 (2019) |
Volunteers | Approximately 1,600 auxiliary constables[8] |
Jurisdictional structure | |
Federal agency | Canada |
Operations jurisdiction | Canada |
Constituting instruments |
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General nature | |
Operational structure | |
Overseen by | Civilian Review and Complaints Commission for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police |
Headquarters | M. J. Nadon Government of Canada Building 73 Leikin Drive Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R2[9] |
Sworn members | 22,445[10] (April 2019)
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Unsworn members | 5,759[10] (April 2019)
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Minister responsible |
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Parent agency | Public Safety Canada |
Divisions | 15[10]
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Detachments | 712[11]
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Facilities | |
Vehicles | 8,677
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Boats | 5 |
Fixed-wings | 26 |
Awards | |
Website | |
www | |
While a federal agency, the RCMP also serves as the local law enforcement agency for various provincial, municipal, and First Nations jurisdictions.[13] |
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP; French: Gendarmerie royale du Canada; GRC) is the national police service of Canada. The RCMP is an agency of the Government of Canada; it also delivers police services under contract to 11 provinces and territories
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police was established in 1920 with the amalgamation of the
The Government of Canada considers the RCMP to be an unofficial national symbol,[22] and in 2013, 87 per cent of Canadians interviewed by Statistics Canada said that the RCMP was important to their national identity.[23] However, the service has faced criticism for its broad mandate,[24][25] and its public perception in Canada has gradually soured since the 1990s, worn down by workplace culture lawsuits, several high-profile scandals, staffing shortages, and the service's handling of incidents like the 2020 Nova Scotia attacks.[26][27] The treatment of First Nations people by the RCMP has also been criticized.
History
Early history (1920–1970)
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police was formed in 1920 by the amalgamation of two separate federal police services: the
In 1928, the federal government authorized the RCMP to enter into heavily-subsidized contracts with provinces and municipalities, enabling the services to return to its roots in local policing. The federal government paid 60 per cent of the policing costs, while provinces and municipalities paid the remaining 40 per cent.[29] By 1950, eight of the ten Canadian provinces had disbanded their provincial police services in favour of subsidized RCMP policing.[32]
As part of its national security and intelligence functions, the RCMP infiltrated ethnic or political groups considered to be dangerous to Canada. These included the
In 1932, RCMP members killed Albert Johnson, the
In 1935, the RCMP, acting as the provincial police service for
During the interwar period, the RCMP employed special constables to assist with strikebreaking. For a brief period in the late 1930s, a volunteer militia group, the Legion of Frontiersmen, were affiliated with the RCMP.[43] Many members of the RCMP belonged to this organization, which was prepared to serve as an auxiliary police service.
In 1940, the RCMP schooner St. Roch facilitated the first effective patrol of Canada's Arctic territory. It was the first vessel to navigate the Northwest Passage from west to east, taking two years, the first to navigate the passage in one season (from Halifax to Vancouver in 1944), the first to sail either way through the passage in one season, and the first to circumnavigate North America (1950).[44]
In 1941, two African-Canadian men from Nova Scotia applied to join the RCMP. The commissioner at the time, Stuart Wood, allegedly allowed them to sit for entrance tests in the hopes that they could be definitively refused entry to the service as "their colour would raise the question of policy."[45] Both men ultimately passed the requisite tests, but neither was given an offer of employment.[45]
In the wake of the 1945 defection of Soviet cipher clerk Igor Gouzenko, who revealed that the Soviet Union was spying on Western nations, the RCMP separated its units responsible for domestic intelligence and counter-espionage from the Criminal Investigation Branch to the new Special Branch, formed in 1950.[46] The branch changed names twice: in 1962, to the Directorate of Security and Intelligence; and in 1970 to the Security Service.[46]
On April 1, 1949, Newfoundland and Labrador joined in full confederation with Canada and the Newfoundland Ranger Force amalgamated with the RCMP.
In June 1953, the RCMP became a full member of the
In 1969, the RCMP hired its first Black police officer, Hartley Gosline.[45]
Late 20th century
On July 4, 1973, during a visit to Regina, Saskatchewan, Queen Elizabeth II approved a new badge for the RCMP. The force subsequently presented the sovereign with a tapestry rendering of the new design.[48]
In 1978, the RCMP formed 31 part-time emergency response teams across the country to respond to serious incidents requiring a tactical police response.[49][50]
In 1986, in the wake of the 1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa and the bombing of Air India Flight 182, the Canadian government directed the RCMP to form the Special Emergency Response Team (SERT), a full-time counter-terrorism unit.[51][52]
In the early 1990s, journalists at the
In 1993, the SERT was transferred to the
In 1995 the Personal Protection Group (PPG) of the RCMP was created at the behest of Jean Chrétien after the break-in by André Dallaire at the Prime Minister's official Ottawa residence, 24 Sussex Drive.[57] The PPG is a 180-member group responsible for VIP security details, chiefly the prime minister and the governor general.[58]
RCMP Security Service (1950–1984)
The RCMP Security Service (RCMPSS) was a specialized political intelligence and counterintelligence branch with national security responsibilities following revelations of illegal covert operations relating to the Quebec separatist movement.[59] As a result, the RCMPSS was replaced by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) in 1984, and is statutorily independent of the RCMP.
In the late 1970s, revelations surfaced that the RCMP Security Service service had in the course of their intelligence duties engaged in crimes such as burning a barn and stealing documents from the separatist Parti Québécois. This led to the Royal Commission of Inquiry into Certain Activities of the RCMP, better known as the "McDonald Commission", named for the presiding judge, Justice David Cargill McDonald. The commission recommended that the service's intelligence duties be removed in favour of the creation of a separate intelligence agency, the CSIS. The RCMP and the CSIS nonetheless continue to share responsibility for some law enforcement activities in the contemporary era, particularly in the anti-terrorism context.[60]
21st century
Due to 9/11, the RCMP Sky Marshals, which is charged with security on passenger aircraft, was inaugurated in 2002.[61]
Four RCMP officers were fatally shot during the
In 2006, the United States Coast Guard's Ninth District and the RCMP began a program called "Shiprider", in which 12 Mounties from the RCMP detachment at Windsor and 16 U.S. Coast Guard boarding officers from stations in Michigan ride in each other's vessels. The intent was to allow for seamless enforcement of the international border.[64]
On December 6, 2006,
In the wake of the 2007
2010s
The RCMP mounted the
On June 3, 2013, the RCMP's A Division was renamed the "National Division" and tasked it with handling corruption cases "at home and abroad".[68]
In June 2014, three RCMP officers were murdered during the
In October 2016, the RCMP issued an apology for harassment, discrimination, and sexual abuse of female officers and civilian members. Additionally they set aside a $100 million fund to compensate these victims. Over 20,000 current and past female employees that were employed after 1974 are eligible.[73]
2020s
On March 10, 2020, Chief Allan Adam of the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation was arrested by two RCMP officers in Fort McMurray, Alberta.[74][75] After several minutes of Chief Adam yelling and posturing at officers, the officers tackled him and punched him in the head whilst struggling with him on the ground. Chief Adam was later charged with resisting arrest and assaulting a peace officer, but the charges were subsequently dropped.[76] After watching the video of the arrest, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said, "[w]e have all now seen the shocking video of Chief Adam's arrest and we must get to the bottom of this".[77][74][78] Following the revelation of Chief Adam's arrest—as well as several other recent instances in which RCMP officers had assaulted or killed Indigenous people[79]—RCMP Commissioner Brenda Lucki stated, after initially demurring on the question, that systemic racism exists in the RCMP: "I do know that systemic racism is part of every institution, the RCMP included", she said.[80] One day earlier, Trudeau had also stated that "[s]ystemic racism is an issue right across the country, in all our institutions, including in all our police services, including in the RCMP."[81]
RCMP Constable Heidi Stevenson was killed while responding to the
In the early 2020s, several governments, politicians, and scholars have recommended terminating the RCMP's contract policing program.[88][89][90][91] Public Safety Minister Marco Mendicino was mandated to conduct a review of RCMP contract policing when he took office in 2022.[92]
In June 2021, Privacy Commissioner of Canada Daniel Therrien found that the RCMP had broken Canadian privacy law through hundreds of illegal searches using Clearview AI.[93]
In February 2022, four men were arrested near Coutts, Alberta for their roles in an alleged conspiracy to kill RCMP officers during the Canada convoy protest.[94]
On September 19, 2022 the RCMP led the procession through London, England, following the state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II due to the long-standing special relationship with the Queen.[95][96]
In 2023, the Mass Casualty Commission recommended that the RCMP replace its current Depot-based training regime with a more intensive university-style programme and that the federal public safety minister review the RCMP's involvement in contract policing.[97] Later that year, the force established a new direct-entry programme for federal policing candidates.[98] Those recruited for the programme will be required to complete a shorter, more focussed 14-week training curriculum in Ottawa before being posted to a federal policing position.[99]
Role in colonization
As the federal police service, the RCMP has had an expansive and controversial role in colonization. One of the RCMP's two preceding agencies—the Royal Northwest Mounted Police (RNWMP)—had enjoyed a relatively positive relationship with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, buoyed by their role in restoring order to the Canadian west, which had been disrupted by immigrant settlement, and the stark contrast between Canadian policy and the ongoing American Indian Wars in the late 19th century.[28] After the signing of the Numbered Treaties between 1871 and 1899, however, the service generally failed to provide Indigenous communities with police services equal to those provided to non-Indigenous communities.[28]
American historian Andrew Graybill argued the RCMP historically resembled the Texas Rangers in many ways: each protected the established order by confining and removing Indigenous peoples; tightly controlling the mixed-blood peoples (the African Americans in Texas and the Métis in Canada); assisting the large-scale ranchers against the small-scale ranchers and farmers who fenced the land; and breaking the power of labour unions that tried to organize the workers of industrial corporations.[100]
From 1920 (1933, with respect to the Indian Act[101]) to 1996, RCMP officers served as truant officers for Indian residential schools, including through the transition of students from federal residential to provincial day schools after 1948,[102] assisting principals, staff, Indian agents, relatives, and members of the communities in bringing truant children to the schools,[103] sometimes by force,[104] as per the Indian Act[103] and as was common for truant non-Indigenous children through the same period.[105] Marcel-Eugène LeBeuf stated in his report for the RCMP that records and oral histories indicate the force "was responding, in its most traditional police role, to a request to protect children"[106] and that abuses within the school system were largely unreported to the RCMP at the time.[103]
During the federal government's imposition of municipal-style elected councils on First Nations, the RCMP raided the government buildings of particularly resistant traditional hereditary chiefs' councils and oversaw the subsequent council elections – the Six Nations of the Grand River Elected Council was originally referred to as the "Mounties Council" as a result of the RCMP's involvement in its installation.[107]
Role in land disputes
In 1995, the RCMP intervened in the Gustafsen Lake standoff between the armed Ts'peten Defenders, occupying what they claimed was unceded Indigenous land, and armed ranchers, who owned the land and had previously allowed Indigenous people to use part of it on the condition they not erect permanent structures. The RCMP's response included 400 tactical assault team members, five helicopters, two surveillance planes, and nine Bison armoured personnel carriers on loan from the Canadian Army[108] and sparked international controversy over the RCMP's use of unusually broad press exclusion zones.[109] One of the members of the Ts'peten Defenders was later granted political asylum in the United States after an Oregon judge found that the RCMP's reporting of the incident—marked by an RCMP member's off-hand comment to media that "smear campaigns are [the RCMP's] specialty"—amounted to a "disinformation campaign."[110][111]
Between January 2019 and March 2020, the RCMP spent $13 million policing and periodically enforcing injunctions against Indigenous protesters blocking the construction of a pipeline across what the protesters asserted was unceded Wet'suwet'en territory.[112] Wet'suwet'en hereditary chiefs Na'moks and Woos complained about the armed RCMP presence, as the police moved down the road, kilometre-by-kilometre, over days, dismantling fortified checkpoints and making arrests.[112] The RCMP's enforcement of a court injunction against the occupiers in 2020 sparked international controversy and protests and, as of 2022, sporadic occupations and protests—some violent—have continued at the site.[113]
Women in the RCMP
In the 1920s, Saskatchewan provincial pathologist Frances Gertrude McGill began providing forensic assistance to the RCMP in their investigations.[114] She helped establish the first RCMP forensic laboratory in 1937,[115] and later was its director for several years. In addition to her forensic work, McGill also provided training to new RCMP and police recruits in forensic detection methods.[114] Upon her retirement in 1946, McGill was appointed honorary surgeon to the RCMP, and continued to act as a dedicated consultant for the service up until her death in 1959.[116]
On May 23, 1974, RCMP Commissioner Maurice Nadon announced that the RCMP would accept applications from women as regular members of the service. Troop 17 was the first group of 32 women at Depot in Regina on September 16, 1974 for regular training.[117] This first all-female troop of 30 women graduated from Depot on March 3, 1975.[118]
After initially wearing different uniforms, female officers were finally issued the standard RCMP uniforms. Now all officers are identically attired, with two exceptions. The ceremonial dress uniform, or "walking-out order", for female members has a long, blue skirt and higher-heeled slip-on pumps plus small black clutch purse (however, in 2012 the RCMP began to allow women to wear trousers and boots with all their formal uniforms.[119]) The second exception is the official maternity uniform for pregnant female officers assigned to administrative duties.
The following years saw the first women attain certain positions.
Organization
International
The RCMP International Operations Branch (IOB) assists the Liaison Officer (LO) Program to deter international crime relating to Canadian criminal laws. The IOB is a section of the International Policing, which is part of the RCMP Federal and International Operations Directorate. Thirty-seven liaison officers are placed in 23 other countries and are responsible for organizing Canadian investigations in other countries, developing and maintaining the exchange of criminal intelligence, especially national security with other countries, to provide assistance in investigations that directly affect Canada, to coordinate and assist RCMP officers on foreign business and to represent the RCMP at international meetings.[123]
Liaison officers are in:
- Africa & Middle East:
- Asia-Pacific:
- Europe:
- The Americas:
- Kingston, Jamaica
- Mexico City, Mexico
- Bogotá, Colombia
- Caracas, Venezuela
- Brasília, Brazil
- Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
- Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
- United States:
- Miami, Florida
- New York, New York
- Seattle, Washington
- Washington, D.C.
The RCMP also provides law enforcement training overseas in Iraq and other Canadian peacekeeping missions. The RCMP have been involved in training and logistically supporting the Haitian National Police since 1994, a controversial matter in Canada considering allegations of widespread human rights violations on the part of the HNP. Some Canadian activist groups have called for an end to the RCMP training.[124]
National
The RCMP is organized under the authority of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act (RCMP Act), an act of the Parliament of Canada. Pursuant to sections 3 and 4 of the RCMP Act, the RCMP is a police service for Canada—namely, a federal police service.[125] However, section 20 of the RCMP Act provides that the RCMP may be used for law enforcement in provinces or municipalities if certain conditions are met.[126] As explained by Justice Ivan Rand of the Supreme Court of Canada, "what is set up is a police service for the whole of Canada to be used in the enforcement of the laws of the Dominion, but at the same time available for the enforcement of law generally in such provinces as may desire to employ its services."[127]
Pursuant to section 5 of the RCMP Act,
is the senior decision making forum established by the Commissioner for the development and approval of strategic, service-wide policies, pursuant to and consistent with the Commissioner's authority under section 5 of the RCMP Act. The role of [the] SEC is to develop, promote and communicate strategic priorities, strategic objectives, management strategies and performance management for the purpose of direction and accountability.
The commissioner is assisted by deputy commissioners in charge of Contract and Indigenous Policing, Federal Policing, and Specialized Policing Services. The commanding officers of K Division and
Divisions
The RCMP divides the country into divisions for command purposes. In general, each division is coterminous with a province (for example, C Division is Quebec). The province of Ontario, however, is divided into two divisions: National Division (National Capital Region) and O Division (rest of the province). There is one additional division, Depot Division, which comprises the RCMP Academy in Regina and the Police Dog Service Training Centre[131] in Innisfail. The RCMP National Headquarters are in Ottawa, Ontario, established in 1920.[132]
Division | Location | Year established | Headquarters |
---|---|---|---|
National (formerly A) | National Capital Region | 1874 | Ottawa |
Depot | Regina | 1885 | Regina |
B | Newfoundland and Labrador | 1874 | St. John's |
C | Quebec | 1874 | Montreal |
D | Manitoba | 1874 | Winnipeg |
E | British Columbia | 1874 | Surrey |
F | Saskatchewan | 1874 | Regina |
G | Northwest Territories | 1885 | Yellowknife |
H | Nova Scotia | 1885 | Halifax |
J | New Brunswick | 1932 | Fredericton |
K | Alberta | 1885 | Edmonton |
L | Prince Edward Island | 1932 | Charlottetown |
M | Yukon | 1904 | Whitehorse |
O | Ontario | 1920 | Toronto |
V | Nunavut | 1999 | Iqaluit |
Some historical divisions are no longer in use.
Division | Location | Years established |
---|---|---|
HQ (now RCMP National Headquarters) | Ottawa | 1920–1987 |
N (now Canadian Police College and Musical Ride headquarters) | Ottawa | 1905–1987 |
Detachments
A detachment is a section of the RCMP which polices a local area. Detachments vary greatly in size. The largest single RCMP detachment is in the city of Surrey in British Columbia, with over a thousand employees. Surrey has contracted with the RCMP for policing services since 1951.[133] The second-largest RCMP detachment is in Burnaby, also in British Columbia.[134] Conversely, detachments in small, isolated rural communities have as few as three officers. The RCMP formerly had many single-officer detachments in these areas,[135][136] but in 2012 the RCMP announced that it was introducing a requirement that detachments should have at least three officers.[136]
As of 2022, several large Indigenous communities do not have RCMP detachments and are instead served by detachments in much smaller non-Indigenous communities.[137]
Personal Protection Group
The Personal Protection Group (PPG) is a 180-member group responsible for security details for the
Personnel
As of April 1, 2019[update], the RCMP employed 30,196 men and women, including police officers, civilian members, and public service employees.[10]
Actual personnel strength by ranks:
- Commissioners: 1
- Deputy commissioners: 6
- Assistant commissioners: 28
- Chief superintendents: 57
- Superintendents: 187
- Inspectors: 322
- Corps sergeants major: 1
- Sergeants major: 8
- Staff sergeants major: 9
- Staff sergeants: 838
- Sergeants: 2,018
- Corporals: 3,599
- Constables: 11,913
- Special constables: 122
- Civilian members: 7,695
- Public servants: 3,403
- Total: 30,196
Regular members
The term regular member, or RM, originates from the RCMP Act and refers to the 18,988 regular RCMP officers who are trained and sworn as
Auxiliary constables and other staff
Besides the regular RCMP officers, several types of designations exist which give them assorted powers and responsibilities over policing issues.
Currently, there are:
- Community constables: Varies across Canada [citation needed]
- Reserve constables : Varies across Canada[138]
- Auxiliary constables: Varies across Canada[139]
- Special constables: 122[10]
- Civilian criminal investigators: 35 [140]
- Civilian members: 7,590[10]
- Public servants: 3,497[10]
- Community constables (CC)
- A designation introduced in 2014 as a replacement for the community safety officers and Indigenous community constables pilot programs.[141][142] Community constables are armed, paid members holding the rank of special constables, with peace officer power.[143] They are to provide a bridge between the local citizens and the RCMP using their local and cultural knowledge.[144] They are mostly focused on crime prevention, liaisons with the community, and providing resources in the event of a large-scale event.[145]
- Reserve constables (R/Cst.)
- A program reinstated in 2004 in British Columbia, it was later expanded to cover all of Canada in order to allow for retired, regular RCMP members and other provincially trained officers to provide extra manpower when shortages are identified.[146] R/Cst. are appointed under Section 11 of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act as paid part-time, armed officers with the same powers as regular members.[147] However, they are not allowed to carry service-issued sidearms and use of force options unless they are called upon to duty.[146] They generally carry out community policing roles but may also be called upon if an emergency occurs.[146][148]
- Auxiliary constables (A/Cst.)
- Volunteers within their own community, appointed under provincial police acts.Auxiliary constables are not police officers and can not identify themselves as such. However, they are given peace officer powers when on duty with a regular member (RM). Their duties consist mainly of assisting RMs in routine events, for example cordoning off crime scene areas, crowd control, participating in community policing, assistance during situations where regular members might be overwhelmed with their duties (e.g., keeping watch of a backseat detainee while an RM interviews a victim). They are identified by the wording of "RCMP Auxiliary" on cars, jackets and shoulder flashes.
- Special constables (S/Cst.)
- Employees of the RCMP have varied duties depending on where they are deployed, but are often given this designation because of an expertise they possess which needs to be applied in a certain area. For example, an Indigenous person might be appointed a special constablein order to assist regular members as they police an Indigenous community where English is not well understood, and where the special constable speaks the language well. They still perform this role today in many isolated northern communities and the RCMP has 122 special constables who are active, and they are drawn almost entirely from the same Indigenous communities that they serve.
- From the early years of policing in northern Canada, and well into the 1950s, local Indigenous people were hired by the RCMP as special constables and were employed as guides and to obtain and care for sled dog teams. Many of these former special constables still reside in the north to this day and are still involved in regimental functions of the RCMP.
- Most pilots for RCMP aircraft, such as fixed wing planes or helicopters, are special constables.
- Civilian criminal investigators (CCI)
- CCIs were implemented in 2021. They are civilian unarmed staff members, with limited peace officer status and are restricted from making physical arrests.[149] CCIs have backgrounds in computer science or financial markets and are involved in specialized investigations.[140] They participate in interviews, preparation of court documents and the searching of scenes.
- Civilian members of the RCMP
- While not delegated the powers of police officers, they are instead hired for their specialized scientific, technological, communications and administrative skills. Since the RCMP is a multi-faceted law enforcement organization with responsibilities for federal, provincial and municipal policing duties, it offers employment opportunities for civilian members as professional partners within Canada's national police service.
Civilian members represent approximately 14 per cent of the total RCMP employee population, and are employed within RCMP establishments in most geographical areas of Canada. The following is a list of the most common categories of employment that may be available to interested and qualified individuals.
- Administrative
- Human resource management
- Police Records Information Management Environment (PRIME-BC)
- Policy development and analysis
- Staff development and training
- Translation
- Operations
- Telecommunications operator (dispatcher)[150]
- Scientific (forensic laboratory services)[151]
- Biology services
- Firearms and toolmark identification (covering Forensic firearm examination, ballistics, and related examinations
- National Anti-counterfeiting Bureau
- Toxicology services
- Trace evidence
- Technical
- Communications
- Computer systems development
- Counterfeit analysis
- Document examination
- Electronics technology
- Firearms technology
- Forensic identification services
- Information services and public affairs
- Information technology
- Instrument technology
- Telecommunications
- Public service employees
- Also referred to as public servants, PSes or PSEs, they provide much of the administrative support for the RCMP in the form of detachment clerks and other administrative support at the headquarters level. They are not police officers, do not wear a uniform, have no police authority and are not bound by the RCMP Act.
- Municipal employees
Abbreviated as "ME" they are found in RCMP detachments where a contract exists with a municipality to provide front-line policing. MEs are not actually employees of the RCMP, but are instead employed by the local municipality to work in the RCMP detachment. They conduct the same duties that a PSE would and are required to meet the same reliability and security clearance to do so. Many detachment buildings house a combination of municipally and provincially funded detachments, and therefore there are often PSEs and MEs found working together in them.
Ranks
The rank system of the RCMP is partly a result of their origin as a paramilitary service. Upon its founding, the RCMP adopted the rank insignias of the Canadian Army (which in turn came from the British Army). Like in a military, the RCMP also has a distinction between commissioned and non-commissioned officers.[152] The non-commissioned ranks are mostly based on military ranks (apart from constable). Non-commissioned officer ranks above staff sergeant resemble those that formerly existed in the Canadian Army, but have since been replaced by warrant officers.[153] The commissioned officer ranks, by contrast, use a set of non-military titles that are often used in Commonwealth police services. The number of higher ranks like chief superintendent and deputy commissioner have been added on and increased since the formation of the service, while the lower commissioned rank of sub-inspector has been dropped.
The numbers are current as of April 1, 2019:[154]
Commissioned officers[155] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Commissioner | Deputy commissioner | Assistant commissioner | Chief superintendent | Superintendent | Inspector |
Commissaire | Sous-commissaire | Commissaire adjoint | Surintendant principal | Surintendant | Inspecteur |
Commr. | D/Commr. | A/Commr. | C/Supt. | Supt. | Insp. |
1 | 6 | 33 | 55 | 186 | 331 |
[156] These are the official abbreviations for the commissioned and non-commissioned officers in the RCMP.[157][158]
Non-commissioned officers[155] | Constables | Depot | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Corps sergeant major | Sergeant major | Staff sergeant major | Staff sergeant | Sergeant | Corporal | Constable | Cadet |
Sergent-major du corps | Sergent-major | Sergent-major d'état major | Sergent d'état-major | Sergent | Caporal | Gendarme | Cadet |
C/S/M. | S/M. | S/S/M. | S/Sgt. | Sgt. | Cpl. | Cst. | Cdt. |
1 | 8 | 10 | 828 | 2,037 | 3,565 | 11,859 | Varies |
No Insignia |
The ranks of inspector and higher are commissioned ranks and are appointed by the Governor-in-Council. Depending on the dress, badges are worn on the shoulder as slip-ons, on shoulder boards, or directly on the epaulettes. The lower ranks are non-commissioned officers and the insignia continues to be based on pre-1968 Canadian Army patterns. Since 1990, the non-commissioned officers' rank insignia has been embroidered on the epaulette slip-ons. Non-commissioned rank badges are worn on the right sleeve of the scarlet/blue tunic and blue jacket. Constables wear no rank insignia. There are also 122 special constables, as well as a varying number of reserve constables, auxiliary constables, and students who wear identifying insignia.
The
A royal crown is used in the regimental cap badge and the insignia of senior commissioned officers. In 1955
The crossed
The brass shoulder title pin on the epaulettes was changed from "RCMP" to "GRC-RCMP" in 1968. (GRC stands for Gendarmerie royale du Canada, the RCMP's French-language title). This was due to a 1968 ruling stating that all statutes had to be published bilingually in both English and French. As a law enforcement agency, the RCMP had to use ranks and titles in both languages. This was later reinforced by the Official Languages Act.
Honorary positions
Several members of the
Position | Holder | Duration | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Title on taking post | Current title or title on vacating post | From | To | ||
Honorary commissioner | Prince Edward, Prince of Wales | Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor | May 3, 1920 | 1937[162] | To coincide with the change of name from Royal Northwest Mounted Police to Royal Canadian Mounted Police[163] |
Honorary commissioner | Queen Elizabeth II | Same | July 7, 1953 | May 10, 2012[167] | |
Commissioner-in-chief | May 10, 2012 | September 8, 2022 | In celebration of her Diamond Jubilee[165][168] | ||
Honorary deputy commissioner | Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex | Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh | October 12, 2007 | Present[162] | Accepted title at an RCMP regimental dinner.[162] |
Honorary commissioner | Prince Charles, Prince of Wales | King Charles III | May 10, 2012 | April 28, 2023 | Accepted title at Depot Division when the Queen became commissioner-in-chief[162][165] |
Commissioner-in-chief | King Charles III | Same | April 28, 2023 | Present | Appointment conferred in a ceremony at Windsor Castle[169] |
Honorary deputy commissioner | Princess Anne, Princess Royal | Same | November 10, 2014 | Present[170] | Accepted title at the Musical Ride Centre[162] |
Equipment and vehicles
This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: Fleet data is from 2010, over 13 years ago..(August 2023) |
Land fleet
The RCMP Land Transport Fleet inventory includes:[171]
- Cars: 5,330
- Unmarked vehicles: 2,811
- Light trucks: 2,090
- Heavy trucks: 123
- SUVs: 616
- Motorcycles: 34
- Small snowmobiles: 481
- All-terrain vehicles: 181
- Gas railway cars: 1
- Tractors: 27
- Buses: 3
- Total: 11,697
Marine craft
The RCMP polices
To meet these challenges, the RCMP operates the Marine Division, with five Robert Allan Ltd.–designed high-speed catamaran patrol vessels; Inkster and the Commissioner-class Nadon, Higgitt, Lindsay and Simmonds, based on all three coasts and manned by officers specially trained in maritime enforcement. Inkster is based in Prince Rupert, BC, Simmonds is stationed on Newfoundland's south coast, and the rest are on the Pacific Coast.[172] Simmonds' livery is unique, in that it sports the RCMP badge, but is otherwise painted with Canadian Coast Guard colours and the marking Coast Guard Police. The other four vessels are painted with blue and white RCMP colours.
The RCMP operates 377 smaller boats, defined as vessels less than 9.2 m (30 ft) long, at locations across Canada. This category ranges from
Ship name | Type | Class | Base | Specifications | Propulsion | Top speed | Builder | Year commissioned | Crew |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inkster | Patrol vessel | n/a | Prince Rupert, BC | 19.75 m (64.8 ft) fast patrol aluminium catamaran |
25 kn (46 km/h; 29 mph)+ | Allied Shipbuilders Limited of North Vancouver, BC | 1996 | 4 | |
Nadon | Patrol vessel | Commissioner Class PV (Raven Class) | Nanaimo, BC |
17.7 m (58 ft) fast patrol catamaran |
2 × 820 hp (610 kW) D2840 LE401 V-10 MAN Diesel engines | 36 kn (67 km/h; 41 mph) | Robert Allan Ltd. | 1991 | 4 |
Higgitt |
Patrol vessel | Commissioner Class PV | Campbell River, BC | 17.7 m (58 ft) fast patrol catamaran |
2 × 820 hp (610 kW) D2840 LE401 V-10 MAN Diesel engines | 36 kn (67 km/h; 41 mph) | Robert Allan Ltd. | 1992 | 4 |
Lindsay | Patrol vessel | Commissioner Class PV | Patricia Bay, Victoria, BC | 17.7 m (58 ft) fast patrol catamaran |
2 × 820 hp (610 kW) D2840 LE401 V-10 MAN Diesel engines | 36 kn (67 km/h; 41 mph) | Robert Allan Ltd. | 1993 | 4 |
Simmonds | Patrol vessel | Commissioner Class PV | South coast Newfoundland | 17.7 m (58 ft) fast patrol catamaran |
2 × 820 hp (610 kW) D2840 LE401 V-10 MAN Diesel engines | 36 kn (67 km/h; 41 mph) | Robert Allan Ltd. | 1995 | 4 |
Aircraft fleet
As of February 2023, the RCMP had 35 police aircraft (9 helicopters and 26 fixed-wing aircraft) registered with Transport Canada and operate as ICAO airline designator SST, and telephony STETSON.[173][12] All aircraft are operated and maintained by the Air Services Branch.
Aircraft | Number[12] | Variants | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Aerospatiale AS350 Écureuil | 6 | AS 350B3 |
Helicopter, AStar 350 or "Squirrel" |
Airbus H145 | 1 | H145 | Helicopter, light twin-engine, four-axis autopilot. Serving the Lower Mainland of BC ("E" Division) |
Cessna 206 | 5 | U206G, T206H | Fixed wing, Stationair (station wagon of the air), general aviation aircraft |
Cessna 208 Caravan | 3 | 208, 208B | Fixed wing, caravan, short-haul regional airliner and utility aircraft |
de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter | 1 | 300 Series | Fixed wing, 20-passenger STOL feederliner and utility aircraft, twin-engine. |
Eurocopter EC120 Colibri | 2 | EC 120B | Light helicopter, "Hummingbird" |
Pilatus PC-12 | 15 | PC-12/45, PC-12/47, PC-12/47E | Fixed wing, turboprop passenger and cargo aircraft |
Quest Kodiak |
1 | 100 | Fixed-wing, un-pressurized, turboprop-powered fixed-tricycle-gear, STOL |
Weapons and intervention options
- double-actiononly, with a 4 in (100 mm) barrel and a double-column 15-round magazine.
- Emergency response team (ERT) and dog handler members were issued modified Model 5946s with magazine safeties removed until they were replaced with the SIG Sauer P226R.
- Smith & Wesson Model 3953 (1996–present) – Special issue compact sidearm for plainclothes members and commissioned officers. It can also be requested as a service pistol by members with small hands who cannot positively grip the larger Model 5946. It is similar to the Model 5946 except it has a shorter 3.5 in (89 mm) barrel, a shortened grip, and a single-column eight-round magazine.
- 9×19mm) – Standard issue sidearm for ERT and dog-handler members. It replaced the modified Model 5946 that had been previously issued.
- Glock Model 19 – Special issue sidearm for Canadian Air Carrier Protective Program (CACPP) members.
- Heckler & Koch MP5 – Adopted by the ERT
- Remington Model 700P (.308 Winchester) bolt-action rifle
- Remington 87012-gauge shotgun
- 5.56mm NATO)
- 5.56mm NATO) – Adopted by ERT
- Colt Canada C8 IUR (integrated upper receiver ) 5.56mm NATO. The semi-automatic C8 IUR was adopted for general use in October, 2011,[174] but the first batch were not procured until 2013.[175] The first RCMP Cadets began qualifying on the C8 IUR and receiving Active Shooter training in 2015.[176]
- Robert Dziekański incident, all older M26 models and 60 faulty X26 models in stock were removed and destroyed in 2010 due to being outside of specifications.[177]
- Oleoresin capsicum spray
- expandable defensive batons
Past weapons and intervention options
- Rifles
- Canadian Arsenals Limited (CAL) Fabrique Nationaleand had been rebuilt by CAL to meet C1A1 standards. Used from 1961 to 1969.
- Winchester Model 70 Issued in .308 Winchester. Used from 1960–1973. This rifle was replaced by the Remington 700.
- Lee–Enfield No. 4 Mk 1 – issued in .303 British. World War II surplus rifles used from 1947 to 1966. Replaced by CAL C1A1 and Winchester 70.
- Short Magazine Lee Enfield (SMLE) No. 1 Mk III – issued in .303 British. World War I surplus rifles used from 1919–1947.[178]
- Lee-Enfield carbine (LEC) – issued in .303 British. Procured as military surplus from militia stores to replace the unsatisfactory Ross Rifle. Used from 1914 to 1920. This was the last general-issue rifle used by the NWMP. The RCMP that replaced it only issued rifles according to need.
- Ross rifle – issued in .303 British. The Ross Mk I was issued from 1905 to 1907 and the improved Ross Mk II was in testing from 1909 to 1912.[178] The Mk I design was accepted by the Canadian Militia in 1903. The NWMP looked at acquiring the Ross to replace the Winchester and Lee-Metford and ordered 1000. Production problems led to delays until 1904; the most glaring being that the finished product did not match their original specifications.[178] The NWMP demanded their contract carbines use a different set of iron sight (which later became standard on the Mk II) which delayed production for a further year.[178] The carbines received in 1905 were plagued with quality control problems that made them more fragile than the weapons they were to replace. After a constable suffered an eye injury in 1907 the Ross carbines were withdrawn.[178] When the improved Ross Mk II rifles arrived in 1909 the wary NWMP decided to test fire all of them fully before issuing them. A fire at the depot in Regina in 1911 destroyed almost all of the new rifles.[178] The NWMP then gave up on the Ross.
- Magazine Lee-Enfield (MLE) Mk.I rifle– issued in .303 British; it was the first smokeless-powder weapon in NWMP service. Loaned to the NWMP from the Victoria and Winnipeg militias to replace a stolen cache of M1876 Winchesters. The NWMP "forgot" to give them back later. Used from 1902 to 1920.
- Lee-Metford carbine – issued in .303 British. The Metford rifling gave tighter groups when fired than the later Enfield, but the rifling wore out faster. Only 200 procured. Used from 1895 to 1914. Replaced by the Lee-Enfield carbine.
- Winchester Model 1876 saddle carbine – issued in .45-75 Winchester. Popular for its handiness and rate of fire, but it was too fragile for the rough handling and use it received in the field. Used from 1878 until 1914.[179]and replaced by the Lee-Enfield Carbine.
- Snider–Enfield Mark III cavalry carbine – issued in .577 Snider. Single-shot breach-loading conversion of an Enfield caplock muzzle-loader. Used from 1873 to 1878 and replaced by the Winchester Model 1876 lever-action rifle.
- Service pistols
- Smith & Wesson military and police revolver – issued with 5 in (130 mm) barrel, in .38 Special. It served more than forty years from 1954 to 1996. Plainclothes members carried a variant with a 4 in (100 mm) barrel.
- In 1981, the standard loading was changed from a 158 gr (0.36 oz; 10.2 g) .38 Special hollow-point (SWCHP), a violation of the Hague Convention of 1899 if used in a military context.[180]
- In 1981, the standard loading was changed from a 158 gr (0.36 oz; 10.2 g) .38 Special
- Colt New Service revolver – issued with 5.5 in (140 mm) barrel; 700 ordered in .455 Webley in 1904, with .45 Long Colt versions being delivered from 1919; in all, over 3200 issued.[180][178] 455 Webley was the British military service round and .45 Long Colt was the standard Canadian service round until both were replaced by the NATO-standard 9×19mm Parabellum post World War II. Used from 1904 to 1954.
- Enfield Mark II revolver – issued in .476 Enfield, about 1080 Mark IIs obtained from Britain's Ministry of Defence, after it was learned the Beaumont–Adams had been discontinued.[181][178] The remaining .450 Adams ammunition, which was compatible with the .476 Enfield round, was issued until stocks were depleted. Used from 1882 to 1911.
- Beaumont–Adams revolver – first issue weapon, in .450 Adams. 330 Mark Is purchased from Britain's Ministry of Defence in 1873 and issued after delivery in 1874. Rough handling of the crates in transit, poor packing by the contractor who shipped the guns, and previous service wear made them unsuitable for service.[178] The constables sometimes had to manually turn the cylinders due to cracked feed hands or keep both hands on the grips for the springs to work due to loose screws.[182] Later, these were to be replaced by 330 Enfield Mark IIs,[183] but many were stolen en route.[182] Used from 1874 to 1888.
- Pistols
Because of procurement problems with the Beaumont–Adams revolvers, constables sometimes carried their own sidearms chambered in a standard service calibre.
- Tranter revolver – chambered in .450 Adams, the standard service round. It was similar to the Beaumont-Adams revolver it was substituted for.
- Smith & Wesson Model 3 revolver – chambered in .44 Russian, a very powerful cartridge in its day. Thirty were purchased in 1874 by the NWMP to field-test the .44 Russian round for service. Its non-standard chambering and the difficulty to get ammunition for it led to its being withdrawn.
- Webley & Scott Bull Dog revolver[184] – chambered in .450 Adams. Its small size made it a handy backup pistol. Most were originally procured to arm NWMP constables assigned to protecting mail cars on trains. The constables would sometimes "absent-mindedly forget" to hand the pistols back afterwards.
- Sidearms
- 1821 pattern light cavalry sabre – Originally part of a trove of old swords given by the Canadian Militia to the NWMP as weapons. They were returned to stores in 1880. Later issued to commissioned officers in 1882 as ceremonial sidearms and a sign of rank. This was later replaced by the M1896 light cavalry sabre.
- 1853 pattern cavalry sabre – Originally part of a trove of old swords given by the Canadian Militia to the NWMP as weapons. They were returned to stores in 1880. Later issued in 1882 to non-commissioned officers as ceremonial sidearms and a sign of rank. This was later replaced by the 1821 pattern sabre.
- 1896 pattern light cavalry sabre – Replaced the 1821 pattern sabre as the NWMP officer's ceremonial sword.
- 1908 pattern cavalry saber – Carried by the Mounted Police detachment sent to Siberia in 1918 during the Russian Civil War.
- Straightstick baton manufactured in wood and plastic
- Sap gloves – Prohibited by RCMP policy. Not currently used.
Ceremonial weapons and symbols of office
- 1912 pattern cavalry officer's swordcarried by officers. Blade is acid etched both sides with the monarch's crown, Canadian coat of Arms, royal cypher and RCMP badge.
- 1908 pattern cavalry swordcarried by NCOs on the Musical Ride
- Bamboo-shafted lance carried by members on horseback on the Musical Ride. The lance is used as a decorative item and is flourished during trick and formation riding. The pennant is red over white, the national colours of the Canadian flag. It represents the Pattern 1868 cavalry lance carried by the NWMP in the 1870s.
- Drill cane
- Swagger stick
- Commissioner's tipstaff
In 1973,
In 1973, Winchester Repeating Arms Company produced an RCMP commemorative centennial version of their Model 94 rifle in .30-30 Winchester, with a 22 in (560 mm) round barrel. The receiver, buttplate, and forend cap (on the musket-style forend) were plated in gold. Commemorative medallions were embedded in the right-hand side of the stock, with an "MP" engraving. There was engraving on the barrel and receiver indicating the rifle was a centennial commemorative edition. Sights were open notch rear, with a flip-up rear ladder, graduated to 2,000 yd (1,800 m). Two versions were produced, 9500 with serial numbers beginning "RCMP" for commercial sale, 5000 with the prefix "MP" sold only to serving RCMP members. In addition, ten presentation models were produced, serialled RCMP1P to RCMP10P.[185]
Uniform
Operational uniform
RCMP officers on frontline police duties wear grey shirts with RCMP shoulder flashes, navy blue pants with gold trouser piping,
In 1990, Baltej Singh Dhillon became the RCMP's first
As of 2019, all RCMP officers, regardless of religious belief, are allowed to wear full beards or braided hair below their collar.[190] Officers may also wear a ballcap in place of the traditional peaked cap.[190]
Dress uniform
RCMP officers are equipped with a dress uniform, popularly known as the "blue serge", for performing certain formal duties, such as media relations or parliament testimony. It consists of a navy blue dress jacket with epaulettes and brass buttons, a white shirt, navy blue tie, navy blue pants with gold trouser piping, and a peaked cap with a solid gold band.[191] Shoulder flashes are not worn.
Ceremonial uniform
For most formal and ceremonial duties, RCMP wear the internationally-famous
Decorations
Members receive a clasp and service badge star for every five years of service.
Tartan
The RCMP has since 1998 had its own distinctive
Military status
| |
---|---|
King Charles III[169] | |
Honorary deputy commissioners | The Duke of Edinburgh[196] The Princess Royal[197] |
Insignia | |
Tartan | RCMP |
Abbreviation | RCMP/GRC |
Although the RCMP is a civilian police service, in 1921, following the service of many of its members during the First World War, King George V awarded the service the status of a regiment of dragoons, entitling it to display the battle honours it had been awarded.
Service in wartime
During the Second Boer War, members of the North-West Mounted Police were given
During the First World War, the Royal Northwest Mounted Police (RNWMP) conducted border patrols, surveillance of enemy aliens, and enforcement of national security regulations within Canada. However, RNWMP officers also served overseas. On August 6, 1914, a squadron of volunteers from the RNWMP was formed to serve with the Canadian Light Horse in France. In 1918, two more squadrons were raised, A Squadron for service in France and Flanders and B Squadron for service in the Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force.
In September 1939, at the outset of the Second World War, the Canadian Army had no military police. Five days after war was declared the Royal Canadian Mounted Police received permission to form a provost company of service volunteers. It was designated "No. 1 Provost Company (RCMP)", and became the Canadian Provost Corps. Six months after war was declared its members were overseas in Europe and served throughout the Second World War as military police.
RCMP members were embedded with several military units in Afghanistan during the War in Afghanistan from 2001–14. The RCMP was a member agency in the Afghan Threat Finance Cell, a multi-agency intelligence organization formed in 2008.[198]
Honours
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police were accorded the status of a regiment of dragoons in 1921. As a
Battle honours
- North West Canada 1885
- South Africa 1900–1902
- France & Flanders 1918
- Siberia 1918–19
- Second World War 1939–1945 Seconde Guerre mondiale
- Afghanistan 2003–14[202]
The RCMP also carries the honorary distinctions for the Canadian Provost Corps (Military Police), presented September 21, 1957, at a Parliament Hill ceremony for contributions to the corps during the Second World War. The honorary distinction was recognized on the guidon presented in 2023 with its inclusion among other RCMP battle honours.[201]
Public perception
The Mounties have been immortalized as symbols of
In recent decades, Canadian public perception of the RCMP has become less favourable. In a 2022 Angus Reid survey found that 41 per cent of Canadians had little or no confidence in the RCMP, compared to 37 per cent of Canadians served by a provincial police service.[204] The study also found that the RCMP as a whole was less trusted compared to municipal police services or individual RCMP detachments.[204]
During the
Depictions in media
In 1912, Ralph Connor's Corporal Cameron of the North-West Mounted Police: A Tale of the MacLeod Trail appeared, became an international best-selling novel. Mounties fiction became a popular genre in both pulp magazines and book form. Among the best-selling authors who specialized in tales of the Mounted Police were James Oliver Curwood, Laurie York Erskine, James B Hendryx, T Lund, Harwood Steele (the son of Sam Steele), and William Byron Mowery.
In other media, a famous example is the
Bruce Carruthers (1901–1953), a former Mounted Police corporal (1919–1923), served as an unofficial technical advisor to Hollywood in many films with RCMP characters.[206] They included Heart of the North (1938), Susannah of the Mounties (1939), Northern Pursuit (1943), Gene Autry and The Mounties (1951), The Wild North (1952), and The Pony Soldier (1952).
Contemporary culture
In 1959, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation aired R.C.M.P., a half-hour dramatic series about an RCMP detachment keeping the peace and fighting crime. Filmed in black and white, in and around Ottawa by Crawley Films, the series was co-produced with the BBC and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and ran for 39 episodes. It was noted for its pairing of Québécois and Anglo officers.
Canadians also poke fun at the RCMP with Sergeant Renfrew and his faithful dog Cuddles in various sketches produced by the Royal Canadian Air Farce comedy troupe. On That '70s Show Mounties were played by SCTV alumni Joe Flaherty and Dave Thomas. The British have also exploited the myth: the BBC television series Monty Python's Flying Circus featured a group of Mounties singing the chorus in "The Lumberjack Song" in the lumberjack sketch.
The 1972–90 CBC series
In comic books, the
Charles Bronson and Lee Marvin starred in the 1981 movie Death Hunt that fictionalized the RCMP pursuit of Albert Johnson.
In the early 1990s, Canadian
The 1998 swan song of Nick Berry's time on UK drama Heartbeat features his character, Sergeant Nick Rowan, transferring to Canada and taking the rank of constable in the Mounties. The special telemovie was titled Heartbeat: Changing Places.
The 1994–98 TV series Due South pairs Mountie Constable Benton Fraser with streetwise American detective Ray Vecchio cleaning up the streets of Chicago. It mainly derives its entertainment from the perceived differences in attitude and culture between these two countries' police services. Fraser is depicted as honest and polite to a fault, even refusing to carry a loaded sidearm when "assisting" Detective Vecchio, but is almost superhuman in his abilities for thwarting crime, especially while wearing the Red Serge uniform.
A pair of Mounties staff the RCMP detachment in the fictional town of
Another TV series from the 1990s, Bordertown features an NWMP corporal paired with a U.S. marshal securing law and order on a frontier U.S.–Canada border town. In the ABC TV mini-series Answered by Fire, at least three mounties are featured. Mounties also appear in the TV series When Calls the Heart (Hallmark Channel).
The 1987 Brian De Palma film The Untouchables features cooperation between the Treasury Department task force, led by Eliot Ness, and the Mounties against liquor smuggling across the Canada–United States border.
The 1995 album C'est Cheese by Canadian musical comedy group The Arrogant Worms includes "The Mountie Song", which tells the story of a dissatisfied Mountie.
In his 1999, album
Conan O'Brien brought his late night show to Toronto in February 2004. O'Brien spent a day as a Mountie at the Canada–United States border.
In 2009, a 13-part documentary about the RCMP released, Courage in Red, was released.
From 2011, the CTV fantasy drama series The Listener regularly features characters who work for the Integrated Investigative Bureau, a fictional division of the RCMP that brings together various specialists, officers and civilian consultants to work on high-profile or federal cases. Although characters in the employ of the IIB are rarely, if ever, depicted wearing uniform, they are often addressed by their ranks—two main characters are Sergeant Michelle McClusky and Corporal Dev Clark.
In the 2021 TV series
Merchandise and trademark
There are products and merchandise that are made in the image of the RCMP, like Mounties statues or hats. Before 1995, the RCMP had little control over these products.
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police received an international licence on April 1, 1995, requiring those who use the RCMP to pay a licensing fee. Proceeds from the fees are used for community awareness programs.[208] Those that do not pay the licensing fee are legally unable to use the name of the RCMP or their correct uniforms, though a film such as Canadian Bacon used the name "Royal Mounted Canadian Police" and the character in the Dudley Do-Right film did not wear accurate insignia.
Through a master licensing agreement (MLA) with the RCMP, the
Following the expiration of the Disney contract in 2000, all responsibilities and activities were taken over by the executive director and his staff, reporting to the foundation president and board of directors. In 2007, through a decree signed by Commissioner Beverley Busson, the operating name was changed to the "Royal Canadian Mounted Police Foundation".
Public relations programs
RCMP community relationship building programs include the Musical Ride. The Musical Ride is an equestrian showcase of RCMP riders, that performs across Canada each year from May to October.[211] The RCMP Sunset Ceremony (French: Cérémonie du crépuscule) has taken place every summer since 1989 at the Musical Ride Centre in Ottawa,[212][213] with it in recent years featuring the Ottawa Police Service Pipe Band and the Governor General's Foot Guards Band.[214][215] The RCMP National Ceremonial Troop is a unit that serves as dismounted version of the Musical Ride as well as a drill team. Individual divisions also have their own ceremonial troops.
The RCMP Heritage Centre is a multi-million dollar museum designed by Arthur Erickson that opened May 2007 in Regina, Saskatchewan, at the RCMP Academy, Depot Division. It replaced the old RCMP museum and is designed to celebrate the role of the service in Canada's history.
Bands
There are eight regional RCMP pipe bands across Canada that act as "garrison bands" for the provincial division, and attend parades, police ceremonies, and public events.[216] The first of these bands were established in 1992 in Alberta.[217] The following are the locations of the regional volunteer pipe bands:
Prior to 1994, the RCMP also operated the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Band (
It was dissolved in 1994 due to government budget cuts. In its 55-year existence, it operated as a voluntary regimental band, with its members working with it as a secondary job apart from their other duties in the RCMP. Members of the band wore the RCMP's Red Serge as part of their full dress uniform and adopted drill seen in Canadian military bands and bands in the British Army. Its longest-serving director was Superintendent Edwin Joseph Lydall, who served from 1948 to 1968.[223]
See also
- Civilian Review and Complaints Commission for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
- List of Canadian organizations with royal patronage
- List of controversies involving the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
- List of law enforcement agencies in Canada
- List of Royal Canadian Mint RCMP coins
- RCMP harassment policy
- RCMP Technical Security Branch
Notes
- ^ Newfoundland and Labrador maintains an independent provincial police service, but it is only responsible for some urban communities of the province. The RCMP provides provincial and local policing in the province's rural areas.
- Beverley Busson was the first woman to have held the top position in the service, albeit on an interim basis. She was the interim commissioner from December 15, 2006, to July 6, 2007. The first female commissioner, Brenda Luckiwas appointed on March 9, 2018, and was officially sworn into office on April 16, 2018.
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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The ATFC began operations in mid-2009 and is a multi-agency organization led by DEA with the Treasury Department and Department of Defense as co-deputies. Additional personnel staff ATFC from the Department of Defense's CENTCOM, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Internal Revenue Service. In the past, the FBI and RCMP also were members. The ATFC's purpose is to attack insurgence funding and financing networks by providing threat finance expertise and actionable intelligence to U.S. civilian and military leaders. The RCMP have also participated in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, sending members to participate actively in various U.N. missions from the late 1980s including observer missions in Namibia, policing missions in Haiti and Kosovo, and CIVPOL operations in Croatia, Bosnia-Hercegovina, and Sudan.
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External links
- Official website
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police Reports 1929–1948 at Dartmouth College Library
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act (RCMP Act)