Sukharev Tower
Sukharev Tower | |
---|---|
General information | |
Architectural style | Naryshkin Baroque |
Location | Moscow, Russia |
Construction started | 1692 |
Completed | 1701 |
Demolished | 1934 |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | Mikhail Ivanovich Choglokov |
The Sukharev Tower (Сухарева башня) was a
History
Peter ordered the construction of the tower to commemorate his triumph over his half-sister Sofia in 1689, after the Streltsy uprising had been crushed. The tower received its name in honor of Lavrentii Pankrat'evich Sukharev, whose regiment of streltsy had supported Peter.[2]
Tower construction
The brick tower was built from 1692 through 1701 under the direction of the architect Mikhail Ivanovich Choglokov .[2] It was not a fortress but rather a ceremonial gateway into the city.
The first floor formed an arched entrance to the city. The second floor contained guardrooms. Originally these served as barracks for Sukharev's regiment of streltsy, but the streltsy were disbanded at the end of the 17th century. The third floor housed the
Tower, an integral part of city infrastructure
Catherine the Great (reigned 1762-1796) allowed Moscow merchants to use the tower premises for storehouses and shops.
Catherine ordered the construction of a water-supply system from the village of Mytishchi to Moscow. The Mytishchi Water Conduit, built between 1779 and 1804, ended near the Sukharev tower to dispense water.[5] Between 1826 and 1835 engineer major-general Nikolai Ivanovich Yanish (Russian: Николай Иванович Яниш) repaired and expanded the Mytishchi Water Supply. At this time two steam-engine powered pumps and a cast-iron tank holding 5000 (buckets) gallons of water were built on the second floor of the tower to improve the water pressure.[6] Pipes from the tower led to fountains. One of these fountains, called Sheremetev, was located in the Sukharev square near the tower.[6][7]
A large market, the Sukharevka, bustled around the tower in the 19th century. In 1921 the Soviet government turned the tower into the
Tower destruction
"The bride of the
Proposed tower replica
Over the years Moscow authorities several times considered building a replica of the tower,[10] but no decision has been made.[11]
See also
- Menshikov Tower
- Naryshkin baroque
- State Historical Museum
References
- ^ Cracraft, James (1988). The Petrine revolution in Russian architecture. University of Chicago Press. pp. 127-128.
- ^ a b c Craft, William Brumfield (1993). A History of Russian Architecture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 195.
- ^ Manaev, G. (2019-12-18). "10 LOST architectural wonders of Moscow (PHOTOS)". Russia Beyond the Headlines. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
- ^ Berton, Kathleen (1977). Moscow, An Architectural History. London: Studio Vista. pp 108–109.
- ^ Moscow WaterCanal data in Russian
- ^ a b A journal article on Russian: "Энергия промышленного роста."
- ^ History of Mytishchi in Russian
- ^ History Moscow City Museum in Russian
- ^ a b Semler, Helen (2001). Moscow Rediscovered. New York: Liberty Publishing House. p. 302.
- ^ (in Russian) "Фантомная боль Москвы". Коммерсант.ru. 2014-08-18. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
- ^ (in Russian) Revival from ruins: Can Sukharev Tower reappear in the capital