Surin, Thailand
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Surin
สุรินทร์ ( Northern Khmer) | |
---|---|
เทศบาลเมืองสุรินทร์ | |
UTC+7 (ICT) | |
Area code | (+66) 44 |
Website | www |
Surin (
Etymology
The first part of the name Sur- originates from the Sanskrit word Sura (Devanagari: सुर) meaning "God" (cf. Asura), and the second part -in(thara) from Sanskrit is "Indra" (Devanagari: इन्द्र). Hence the name of the province literally means Lord Indra.
Geography
In the north of the province is the valley of the
Climate
Surin has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). Winters are dry and warm. Temperatures rise until April, with the average daily maximum at 35.9 °C (96.6 °F). The monsoon season runs from late April through early October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm.
Climate data for Surin (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 37.0 (98.6) |
38.9 (102.0) |
40.8 (105.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
41.8 (107.2) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.2 (100.8) |
36.9 (98.4) |
35.7 (96.3) |
35.1 (95.2) |
36.0 (96.8) |
34.8 (94.6) |
42.0 (107.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.3 (88.3) |
33.4 (92.1) |
35.4 (95.7) |
36.1 (97.0) |
34.9 (94.8) |
33.8 (92.8) |
32.8 (91.0) |
32.4 (90.3) |
31.8 (89.2) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.3 (88.3) |
30.3 (86.5) |
32.9 (91.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.5 (76.1) |
26.5 (79.7) |
28.9 (84.0) |
29.9 (85.8) |
29.2 (84.6) |
28.6 (83.5) |
28.0 (82.4) |
27.7 (81.9) |
27.4 (81.3) |
26.8 (80.2) |
25.8 (78.4) |
24.2 (75.6) |
27.3 (81.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.5 (65.3) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.3 (73.9) |
24.9 (76.8) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.3 (75.7) |
23.2 (73.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
22.8 (73.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | 9.4 (48.9) |
8.0 (46.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
18.8 (65.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
13.3 (55.9) |
8.3 (46.9) |
8.0 (46.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 6.6 (0.26) |
9.9 (0.39) |
47.2 (1.86) |
85.9 (3.38) |
186.4 (7.34) |
194.1 (7.64) |
219.9 (8.66) |
270.7 (10.66) |
266.5 (10.49) |
113.5 (4.47) |
29.7 (1.17) |
3.0 (0.12) |
1,433.4 (56.43) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.7 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 6.3 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 14.6 | 15.5 | 14.8 | 8.1 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 91.3 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
64.9 | 62.3 | 62.5 | 66.4 | 74.8 | 77.7 | 79.5 | 81.7 | 83.7 | 79.5 | 71.8 | 66.7 | 72.6 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 263.5 | 245.8 | 238.7 | 204.0 | 155.0 | 153.0 | 117.8 | 117.8 | 144.0 | 182.9 | 219.0 | 260.4 | 2,301.9 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 8.5 | 8.7 | 7.7 | 6.8 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 7.3 | 8.4 | 6.3 |
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[2] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (sun 1981–2010)[3](extremes)[4] |
History
Prehistory
The earliest settlers in this region were hunter-gatherers. The Neolithic, with the introduction of agriculture, dates from 2,500 to 1,500 years BCE. The Bronze Age dates from 1,500–500 BCE and the Iron Age from 500 BCE to 500 CE. It is in the Iron Age that the first evidence of human settlement emerges in the province, with approximately sixty known Iron Age sites.
Historical period
The earliest known historical period is the Dvaravati. This was an Indian-based culture that diffused through the north-east region of what is now Thailand. Evidence of this culture is found in the Surin region, dating from the 7th to the 11th centuries CE. It was in this period that Buddhism became the dominant religion of the region.
Following the Dvaravati period, the powerful Khmer Empire expanded its influence throughout what is now the southern Isan region of Thailand. This period covers the 7th to 13th centuries CE. Surin was an important part of the ancient Khmer empire. Temple ruins and a substantial ethnic Khmer minority remain part of Surin. Khmer stone inscriptions date from c. 600 CE. Over the next several centuries, a growing number of Khmer sites were constructed in the province, most notably Prasat Sikhoraphum. These sites would have formed part of the network of Khmer infrastructure centred on Prasat Phanom Rung.
With the collapse of the
The province slowly grew in population; there was a continual influx of people from surrounding areas, principally Cambodia (part of what is now western Cambodia was ruled by Bangkok at this time). Surin was largely self-sufficient, and somewhat isolated. This changed with the advent of the railroad in 1922. Chinese and Indian merchants settled, and its manufacturing increased.
Transportation
The town is served by Surin Airport, which as of 2021, lacked any commercial-passenger or cargo airline services. Buriram Airport is nearby and with two passenger airlines serving it, it is the closest airport with airline services.
See also
- Surin Province
- Mueang Surin District
References
- ^ "Thailand: Regions, Major Cities & Municipalities". CityPopulation.de. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ "ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)" (PDF) (in Thai). Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department. p. 62. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
- ^ "Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010". Thai Meteorological Department. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
External links
- Surin travel guide from Wikivoyage