Synthetic vision system
A synthetic vision system (SVS) is a computer-mediated reality system for aerial vehicles, that uses 3D to provide pilots with clear and intuitive means of understanding their flying environment.
Functionality
Synthetic vision provides
Highway In The Sky (HITS), or Path-In-The-Sky, is often used to depict the projected path of the aircraft in perspective view. Pilots acquire instantaneous understanding of the current as well as the future state of the aircraft with respect to the terrain, towers, buildings and other environment features.
History
A forerunner to such systems existed in the 1960s, with the debut into U.S. Navy service of the Grumman
Synthetic vision was developed by NASA and the U.S. Air Force in the late 1970s[2] and 1980s in support of advanced cockpit research, and in 1990s as part of the Aviation Safety Program. Development of the High Speed Civil Transport fueled NASA research in the 1980s and 1990s. In the early 1980s, the USAF recognized the need to improve cockpit situation awareness to support piloting ever more complex aircraft, and pursued SVS (also called pictorial format avionics) as an integrating technology for both manned and remotely piloted systems.[3]
Simulations and remotely piloted vehicles
In 1979, the FS1 Flight Simulator by Bruce Artwick for the Apple II microcomputer introduced recreational uses of synthetic vision.[4]
NASA used synthetic vision for
The 1986 RC Aerochopper simulation by Ambrosia Microcomputer Products, Inc. used synthetic vision to aid aspiring RC aircraft pilots in learning to fly. The system included joystick flight controls which would connect to an Amiga computer and display.[6] The software included a three-dimensional terrain database for the ground as well as some man-made objects. This database was basic, representing the terrain with relatively small numbers of polygons by today's standards. The program simulated the dynamic three-dimensional position and attitude of the aircraft using the terrain database to create a projected 3D perspective display. The realism of this RPV pilot training display was enhanced by allowing the user to adjust the simulated control system delays and other parameters.
Similar research continued in the U.S. military services, and at Universities around the world. In 1995-1996, North Carolina State University flew a 17.5% scale F-18 RPV using Microsoft Flight Simulator to create the three-dimensional projected terrain environment.[7]
In flight
In 2005 a synthetic vision system was installed on a Gulfstream V test aircraft as part of NASA's "Turning Goals Into Reality" program.[8] Much of the experience gained during that program led directly to the introduction of certified SVS on future aircraft. NASA initiated industry involvement in early 2000 with major avionics manufacturers.
Eric Theunissen, a researcher at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, contributed to the development of SVS technology.[9]
At the end of 2007 and early 2008, the FAA certified the Gulfstream Synthetic Vision-
In 2017, Avidyne Corporation certified Synthetic Vision capability for its air navigation avionics.[11] Other glass cockpit systems such as the Garmin G1000 and the Rockwell Collins Pro Line Fusion offer synthetic terrain.
Lower-cost, non-certified avionics offer synthetic vision like apps available for Android or iPad tablet computers from ForeFlight,[12] Garmin,[13] Air Navigation Pro,[14] or Hilton Software[15]
Regulations and standards
- "RTCA DO-315B". IEEE. 2011-06-21. Minimum aviation system performance standards for Enhanced Vision Systems, Synthetic Vision Systems, Combined Vision Systems and Enhanced Flight Vision Systems.
- "ED-179B - MASP for Enhanced Vision Systems and Synthetic Vision Systems and Combined Vision Systems and Enhanced Flight Vision Systems". EuroCAE. September 2011.
See also
- Aircraft collision avoidance systems
- Enhanced flight vision system
- External vision system
- Instrument landing system
References
- ^ Andrews, Hal. "Life of the Intruder". Naval Aviation News, Volume 79, No. 6, September-October 1997, pp 8-16.
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(help) - ^ Knox; et al. (October 1977). "Description of Path-In-The-Sky Contact Analog Piloting Display" (PDF). Technical Memorandum 74057. NASA.
- ^ Way; et al. (May 1984). "Pictorial Format Display Evaluation" (PDF). AFWAL-TR-34-3036. USAF.
- ^ Jos Grupping (2001). "Introduction". Flight Simulator History.[self-published source?]
- ^ hdl:2060/19840021816.
- ^ Stern, D: "RC Aerochopper Owners Manual", Ambrosia Microcomputer Products, Inc., 1986
- ^ "Flight Research (The F18 Project)". North Carolina State University. Archived from the original on 2008-01-10.
- ^ "Turning Goals into Reality 2005 Award Winners". NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate.
- ISBN 978-1-62410-056-7.
- ^ "Gulfstream scores double first as federal aviation administration certifies EVS II and synthetic vision primary flight display" (Press release). Gulfstream. January 28, 2008. Archived from the original on 2024-01-02. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
- ^ "Avidyne certifies synthetic vision for FMS line". General Aviation News. 2017-03-13.
- ^ "Global synthetic vision". ForeFlight.
- ^ "Garmin Pilot App Adds 3-D Synthetic Vision Capability" (Press release). Garmin. February 20, 2014.
- ^ "Air Navigation In Flight features including 3D view". Air Navigation. February 26, 2024.
- ^ "Hilton Software".
External links
- "Synthetic Vision Would Give Pilots Clear Skies All the Time". NASA. 2004-11-21.
- Stephen Pope (June 2006). "The promise of synthetic vision: turning ideas into (virtual) reality" (PDF). AIN online.