Tōhōkai

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Tōhōkai
東方会
Shōwa Statism
Pro-Nazism
Political positionFar-right[2]
ReligionState Shintō
Colours  Black   White   Red
Party flag
Nakano Seigō

Tōhōkai (東方会; Society of the East) was a

Nakano Seigō disagreed with Adachi on of matters of policy and formed a separate group, which he called the 'Tōhōkai'.[4]

Ideology and development

Inspired by the writings of

parliamentary democracy. The Tōhōkai used many of the trappings of the European movements it emulated, including the wearing of black shirts with armbands (bearing the Japanese character for 'East') and holding of mass rallies.[5]

The programme of Tōhōkai was not a complete copy of the Western models, however, as the group was also driven by a deep-seated admiration for

Diet of Japan in 1937.[7]

Likewise, Tōhōkai rejected the notion of the superiority of the "

Yamato race" and that it could legitimize Japanese dominance over other Asians. According to Tōkōhai, Japan's mission was to liberate and unite Asia, since according to them, continental Asians were brothers and equals to the Japanese and never inferior. At the same time, on several occasions Nakano Seigo harshly criticized other Pan-Asianists for their racism and hatred against white nations. He contrasted these points of reference with those of Sun Yat-sen, who was free of racism and ready to make common cause with ostracized European nations against imperial powers.[8]

In 1939 the party actually entered into merger negotiations with

left-wing of the Nazi party as typified by Ernst Röhm and others largely eliminated in the Night of the Long Knives.[10]

Merger and decline

In October 1940, the Tōhōkai merged into the

Hideki Tōjō for not following the path of Adolf Hitler more closely.[12]

In October 1943, Nakano was arrested along with 39 other members of the party on charges of plotting to overthrow the Tōjō regime, and he committed suicide under mysterious circumstances the night after he was released on bail.

charismatic leader, the Tōhōkai largely dissolved after Nakano's death and was formally disbanded on 23 March 1944.[7] It was officially banned in 1945 by the American Occupation Authorities
.

Legacy

After the

National Socialist Japanese Workers and Welfare Party also claims to be a successor to the Tōhōkai and sometimes uses its symbols.[15]

Election results

Election year Votes Seats Change
Number Percentage
1937 221,455 2.17%
11 / 466
 Steady

References

  1. The Asahi Shimbun Company
    . Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  2. ^
    The Asahi Shimbun Company
    . Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  3. The Asahi Shimbun Company
    . Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  4. ^ Christian W. Spang, Rolf-Harald Wippich, Japanese-German Relations, 1895–1945: War, Diplomacy and Public Opinion, Routledge, 2006, p. 181
  5. ^ a b c Roger Griffin, The Nature of Fascism, Routledge, 2003, p. 155
  6. ^ Courtney Browne, Tojo: The Last Banzai, Angus & Robertson, 1967, p. 102
  7. ^ a b c Griffin, The Nature of Fascism, p. 156
  8. ISBN 978-0810895393
    .
  9. ^ Stephen S. Large, Organized Workers and Socialist Politics in Interwar Japan, Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 219
  10. ^ Andrew Roth, Dilemma in Japan, READ BOOKS, 2007, pp. 92-93
  11. ^ a b Ben-Ami Shillony, Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan, p. 23
  12. ^ Shillony, Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan, Oxford University Press, 1991, p. 47
  13. ^ Peter Wetzler, Hirohito and War: Imperial Tradition and Military Decision Making in Prewar Japan, University of Hawaii Press, 1998, pp. 76-78
  14. ^ The Tōhō Party official site Archived 2006-08-22 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Political Flags of Extremism - Part 2 (n-z)
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