Tainan Air Group

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Tainan Air Group
A6M Zero
A5M Claude
EngagementsWorld War II
A Tainan Mitsubishi Zero A6M3 Type 32 fighter photographed at an unknown location.

The Tainan Air Group (台南海軍航空隊, Tainan Kaigun

Toshio Ōta
.

History

Philippines and Dutch East Indies

The unit was formed at

A6M Zero and 12 Type 96 fighter aircraft.[1][2]

On 8 December 1941 forty-four Tainan aircraft escorted IJN bombers in

B-17 bomber piloted by Colin Kelly. Later that month, the unit redeployed to the Philippines and continued to support Japanese forces as they overran and destroyed the territory's American and Filipino defenses.[3][4][5]

The Tainan Naval Air Group then moved to

Tarakan Island, followed by moves to Balikpapan and Denpasar, Bali to support the successful Japanese offensive into the Dutch East Indies beginning in January 1942. The unit's fighters helped inflict heavy losses on defending Allied aircraft in January and February 1942.[6]

New Guinea

With the end of the campaign in March, the unit was integrated into the 25th Air Flotilla and redeployed to recently captured Rabaul, New Britain and Lae, Papua New Guinea in April. As of 25 April 1942, due to operational and combat losses, the Tainan Air Group, now under the command of Captain Masahisa Saitō, counted 26 Zero and six Type 96 "Claude" fighters.[7][8][9][10]

The unit initially concentrated its aircraft at Lae to support an air campaign against the Australian and American forces stationed at Port Moresby. Between April and July, the Tainan Air Group flew 51 missions, totalling 602 sorties. During this time, the unit claimed to have destroyed 300 enemy aircraft. The Tainan's losses were 20 aircraft. Replacement aircraft gave the unit a total of 24 Zeros by August 1942, flown by 55 pilots. Because of the surplus in aircrew, only the most experienced pilots were allowed to fly combat missions.[11][12][13]

Guadalcanal

Saburō Sakai, seriously wounded by a bullet which creased his skull, arrives back at Rabaul on August 7.
dive bomber.[14][15] The two Tainan pilots killed on this mission were Petty Officer First Class Yoshida and Petty Officer Second Class Nishiura[16]

One significant Tainan casualty over Guadalcanal that day was Saburō Sakai, who was seriously injured and forced into a two-year recuperation. The US Marines on August 8 captured an airfield (later called Henderson Field) under construction by the Japanese on Guadalcanal which was soon operational with Allied aircraft.[17]

Over the next several months, Tainan aircraft based at Rabaul engaged in repeated dogfights with Allied aircraft, called the Cactus Air Force, based on Guadalcanal. The extreme distances required for the Tainan pilots to fly from Rabaul to Guadalcanal severely hampered the unit's attempts to establish air superiority over the island. The unit also continued to support bombing missions against Port Moresby. Between August and November 1942, the Tainan lost 32 pilots killed in action.[17] Junichi Sasai was killed on August 26 and Toshio Ōta on October 21.[18]

On November 1, 1942 the Japanese naval units in the Southeast Pacific were reorganized. The Tainan was redesignated as the 251 Air Group[19] and reconstituted with replacement aircrews. The 20 surviving pilots of the Tainan were transferred to Japan to help form new fighter units.[20][21] Bergerud says only 10 pilots were left and that the new unit was not called the "251st Air Group".[22] Each digit in "251" refers to a discrete attribute of the new organization.[23]

Personnel Assigned

Commanding Officers

  • Capt. Higuchi Hiroshi (40) - 1 October 1941 - 4 October 1941
  • Cdr. / Capt. Saito Masahisa (47) - 4 October 1941 - 1 November 1942 (Promoted Captain on 1 May 1942.)

Executive Officers

  • VACANT - 1 October 1941 - 1 November 1942

Maintenance Officers

  • VACANT - 1 October 1941 - 15 October 1942
  • Lt. (Eng.) Nishimoto Hisashi (Eng. 41) - 15 October 1942 - 1 November 1942

Surgeons

  • LtCdr. (Med.) Fujimura Nobuyoshi (1929) - 1 October 1941 - 1 August 1942
  • LtCdr. (Med.) Nishino Denkichi (1929) - 1 August 1942 - 1 November 1942

Paymasters

  • Lt. (Pay.) Kaneko Seizaburo (Pay. Aux. 2) - 1 October 1941 - 1 November 1942

Communications Officers

  • LtCdr. Sonoda Yoshiteru (56) - 1 October 1941 - 1 November 1942

Air Officers

  • LtCdr. / Cdr. Kozono Yasuna (51) - 1 October 1941 - 1 November 1942 (Promoted Commander on 15 October 1941.)

References

Notes
  1. ^ a b Hata 1989, p. 132.
  2. ^ Lundstrom 2005, p. 44.
  3. ^ Hata 1989, pp. 132–133.
  4. ^ Lundstrom 2005, p. 45.
  5. ^ Burton 2006, pp. 140, 197.
  6. ^ Hata 1989, pp. 133–134.
  7. ^ Hata 1989, pp. 134–135.
  8. ^ Bergerud 2000, pp. 416–417.
  9. ^ Lundstrom 2005, p. 43.
  10. ^ Bullard 2007, pp. 53–54.
  11. ^ Hata 1989, pp. 134–136,
  12. ^ Lundstrom 2005, pp. 44–45.
  13. ^ Bullard, pp. 54–55.
  14. ^ Frank 1990, pp. 67-69.
  15. ^ Bergerud 2000, p. 557.
  16. ^ Lundstrom 2005, p. 62.
  17. ^ a b Hata 1989, pp. 136–137.
  18. ^ Lundstrom 2005, p. 191.
  19. ^ Sakaida 1998, p. 102.
  20. ^ Hata 1989, p. 137.
  21. ^ Bergerud 2000, p. 423.
  22. ^ However, the notation on the official document, "Dai (第)" corresponding to "1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, etc." in English had been attached. Therefore st, nd, rd and th are essential in the text. Source: 1 February 1943, Notice No. 137 by Minister's Secretariat/Ministry of the Navy. URL; http://www.jacar.go.jp/DAS/meta/imageen_C12070201700?IS_STYLE=eng&IS_KIND=SimpleSummary&IS_TAG_S1=InfoSDU&IS_KEY_S1=C12070201700&IS_LGC_S32=&IS_TAG_S32=&, p. 2 in the National Archives of Japan, http://www.jacar.go.jp/english/.
  23. ^ Lundstrom 2005, pp. 471–472.
Bibliography

External links

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