Teikichi Hori

Teikichi Hori (堀 悌吉, Hori Teikichi, August 16, 1883 – May 2, 1959) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during the early twentieth century. During the interwar period, Hori was a prominent member of the Treaty Faction of the Navy, and opposed war against the United States and the United Kingdom. Hori was a close friend and mentor of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto.

Biography

Teikichi Hori was born as the second son of Yasaburo Yano, who came from a samurai family from Ōita. At the age of 10, he was adopted into the Hori samurai family from

Hori entered the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in the 32nd class, and graduated in 1904 as the best of his class. There he became close friends with his classmate Isoroku Yamamoto, who would become a prominent admiral of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.^[1] An accomplished student, he was admired by his peers. During the Russo-Japanese war, Hori served in Tōgō Heihachirō's flagship Mikasa, and participated in the Battle of Tsushima.^[1]

1920s–1930s

During the Washington Naval Treaty negotiations in 1922, he served as an attendant to Prime Minister Katō Tomosaburō, himself a former admiral. Hori was a leading figure of the Treaty Faction, a faction of the Imperial Japanese Navy that opposed an arms race between Japan and the western powers, supported the Washington Naval Treaty and hoped to restore the Anglo-Japanese Alliance through diplomacy.^[1] The stipulations of the Washington Naval Treaty limited Japan's capital ship tonnage to a 5:5:3 ratio compared with the United States and the United Kingdom. Hori and other admirals of the Treaty Faction believed that the limitations would serve Japan's interest in the long run and prevent a costly war with the western powers. Hori had previously in an article on the morality of war, wrote that he believed war to be "evil".^[2][3] The Treaty Faction was opposed by the more militaristic Fleet Faction of the Navy, which advocated for unlimited naval growth to challenge the United Kingdom and the United States.^[4]

In 1925 Hori served in the

At the London Naval Conference in 1930, the Fleet Faction pushed for the ratio of Japan's auxiliary fleet to be at least 70% of that of the United States and Britain. Hori, who was now director of the Ministry of the Navy's Military Affairs Bureau, had concluded that a war against Britain and the United States at this point was still undesirable, and assisted Navy Deputy Secretary Katsunoshin Yamanashi in concluding negotiations on the treaty.^[1] In the end, a compromise was reached between the United States and Japan, and Japan signed the London Naval Treaty which granted Japan a 10:10:7 ratio in all but “offensive” ship categories.^[4]

Hori returned to his birthplace in Ōita, where he authored a book on the Yano clan. After Hori's departure from the Navy, Yamamoto and Hori maintained their friendship. An extensive and revealing collection of letters written by Yamamoto to Hori, before and throughout World War II, is stored in the Oita Prefecture Ancient Sages Historical Archives.[2]^[8] In 1936, he became the president of Nippi Corp., an aviation company, also known as Japan Aircraft Company. To improve their technology, he arranged for Frederick Rutland to open an office for Nippi in Santa Monica. In 1941, he became the president of Uraga Dock Company. After Yamamoto's death, those who idolized Yamamoto wanted to construct a shrine in Yamamoto's honor. Hori was opposed to the idea, believing that Yamamoto would not have liked to be worshipped as a god.^[6]

After the war, Hori avoided prosecution by

Hori died in 1959 aged 75 in Setagaya, Tokyo.

In popular culture

In the 2011 film Isoroku, Hori was portrayed by kabuki actor Bandō Mitsugorō X.

Letters from Yamamoto to Hori were the subject of the NHK documentary The Truth of Yamamoto.

References