Thermococcus gammatolerans
Thermococcus gammatolerans | |
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Thermococcus gammatolerans | |
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Species: | T. gammatolerans
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Binomial name | |
Thermococcus gammatolerans Jolivet , 2003
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Thermococcus gammatolerans is an archaea extremophile and the most radiation-resistant organism known to exist.
As reported in 2003 the type strain EJ3T was taken from a submarine
Along with the genera Palaeococcus and Pyrococcus, Thermococcus belongs to the Thermococcaceae family, sole family of the Thermococci (called "Protoarchaea" by Cavalier-Smith), a class in the phylum Euryarchaeota of Archaea.[2] Thermococcus species live in extremely hot environments such as
The resistance to ionizing radiation of T. gammatolerans is enormous. While a dose of 5 Gy is sufficient to kill a human, and a dose of 60 Gy is able to kill all cells in a colony of E. coli, Thermococcus gammatolerans can withstand doses up to 30,000 Gy, and an instantaneous dose up to 5,000 Gy with no loss of viability.
History
Thermococcus gammatolerans was discovered in 2003 in samples collected from a hydrothermal chimney at the Guaymas Basin about 2,000 m deep off the coast of California, (27° 1' N, 111° 24' W).
Mechanisms of resistance to radiation
Unlike other organisms, cell survival in T. gammatolerans is not altered by changing conditions in its growth phase, but the lack of ideal conditions and nutrients decreases its radioresistance. The system of chromosomal DNA repair shows that cells in stationary phase of growth reconstitute DNA more rapidly than cells in exponential growth phase. T. gammatolerans can slowly or quickly rebuild damaged chromosomes without loss of viability.[3]
Applications
A study has been conducted of its application to the development of new enzymatic markers that are resistant to high temperatures and their application in the study of carcinogenesis and the study of the development of mitochondrial diseases. DNA repair mechanisms of T. gammatolerans could be incorporated into the genome of higher species to improve DNA repair and reduce cellular aging.
Etymology
Thermococcus:
References
- PMID 12807211.
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Tapias, Angels; Leplat, Christophe; Confalonieri, Fabrice (March 2009). "Recovery of ionizing-radiation damage after high doses of gamma ray in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus gammatolerans". Extremophiles. 13 (2): 333–343. S2CID 5671089.
- Perseus Project
- Perseus Project
- ^ .
- Perseus Project
Further reading
- Arnaud, Lagorce; Aude, Fourc ̧ans; Murielle, Dutertre; Brice, Bouyssiere; Yvan, Zivanovic; Fabrice, Confalonieri (27 July 2012). "Genome-Wide Transcriptional Response of the Archaeon Thermococcus gammatolerans to Cadmium". PLOS ONE. 7 (7): Article No.: e41935. PMID 22848664. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- Tapias, Angels; Leplat, Christophe; Confalonieri, Fabrice (March 2009). "Recovery of ionizing-radiation damage after high doses of gamma ray in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus gammatolerans". Extremophiles. 13 (2): 333–343. S2CID 5671089.