Thomas Addison
Thomas Addison Addison's Disease, Pernicious anemia | |
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Thomas Addison (April 1795 – 29 June 1860) was an English physician and medical researcher. He is traditionally regarded as one of the "great men" of Guy's Hospital in London.
Thomas Addison began his career at Guy's Hospital in 1817, eventually becoming a full physician in 1837. He was a noted and respected lecturer and diagnostician. He experienced episodes of
Addison's legacy includes the description of conditions such as Addison's disease (a degenerative disease of the adrenal glands), and pernicious anemia, a hematological disorder later found to be caused by failure to absorb vitamin B12.
Early years
He was born in April 1795 in
Thomas Addison attended the Long Benton parish school, run by the parish clerk, Thomas Rutter.
Medical student
Addison entered the University of Edinburgh Medical School in 1812 as a medical student, turning down an offer from his father to make him a paying resident student of John Thomson.[6] He became a member of the Royal Medical Society. In 1815, he received the degree of MD. His thesis was on Dissertatio medica inauguralis quaedam de syphilide et hydrargyro complectens (Concerning Syphilis and Mercury).[1]
There is a hiatus in the record of Addison's studies from 1815 to 1817. It has been suggested that he travelled in continental Europe.[7] He enrolled as a physician pupil at Guy's Hospital in London, in 1817. Guy's Medical School recorded his entrance as follows: "Dec. 13, 1817, from Edinburgh, T. Addison, M.D., paid pounds 22-1s to be a perpetual Physician's pupil." Subsequently he became a house surgeon (surgical resident) at the Lock Hospital.[7] He also took a position as physician to the Universal Dispensary founded by John Bunnell Davis.[8]
Physician
Addison obtained his licentiate from the Royal College of Physicians in 1819, where in 1838 he was elected a Fellow. He was promoted to assistant physician, with the support of Benjamin Harrison, in January 1824 and in 1827 he was appointed lecturer of materia medica.[1]
As well, Addison worked under
In 1837, Addison became joint lecturer with Richard Bright on practical medicine, and a full physician at Guy's Hospital. When Bright retired from the lectureship in 1840, Addison became sole lecturer. He held this position until about 1854–55.[1]
Excelling as a diagnostician and lecturer, Addison was diffident. He had a reputation at Guy's, where he concentrated on his students and patients, but was little known outside the hospital, and had few private patients.[1]
Depression, death and memorial
Thomas Addison suffered from episodes of
"Dr Addison, formerly a physician to Guy's Hospital, committed suicide by jumping down the area (i.e. the space between the front of the house and the street) of 15 Wellington Villas, where he had for some time been residing, under the care of two attendants, having before attempted self-destruction."
Addison was buried in the churchyard of Lanercost Priory in Cumberland.[1] Guy's Hospital had a bust made of him, named a hall of the new part of the hospital for him, and perpetuated his memory with a marble wall table in the chapel.
Research
In researching
Pernicious anemia as described in 1849 by Addison is now also known as Addison-Biermer disease. It is a type of megaloblastic anemia, in which a lack of intrinsic factor causes absorption of vitamin B12 to be impaired. It is caused by a lack of parietal cells in the stomach.[13]
In 1829, Addison published a study of the actions of poisons.[14] He gave one of the first adequate accounts of appendicitis, in 1839.[1] In the classification of skin diseases by morphology, and their diagnosis, he was a follower of Robert Willan and his own teacher Thomas Bateman.[15]
Works
- A Collection of the published writings of the late Thomas Addison, M.D. 1868, edited by Thomas Mee Daldy and Samuel Wilks
Family
In 1847 Addison married at Lanercost Priory Elizabeth Catherine Hauxwell, a widow, with two children from her first marriage.[1] His stepdaughter Sarah married in 1863 the Rev. Thomas Dodgson, a Durham University graduate.[16][17]
References
- ^ doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/159. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ Wilks, Sir Samuel; Bettany, George Thomas (1892). A Biographical History of Guy's Hospital. Ward, Lock, Bowden. pp. 221–222.
- ^ "Rutter's School School House, Longbenton | Co-Curate". co-curate.ncl.ac.uk.
- ^ "Moises, Edward (MSS779E)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18892. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ Lonsdale, Henry (1867). The worthies of Cumberland. Vol. IV. London: George Routledge & Sons. p. 263.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-119-20246-2.
- ^ The Royal Kalendar and Court and City Register for England, Scotland, Ireland, and the Colonies. Wm. H. Allen. 1820. p. 332.
- ISBN 978-1-119-20246-2.
- ISBN 978-1-4377-2181-2.
- ^ Rosenthal, Moriz; Putzel, Leopold (1879). A Clinical Treatise on the Diseases of the Nervous System. Wood. p. 538.
- ISBN 978-1-930513-67-9.
- ISBN 978-93-90612-45-1.
- ^ An essay on the operation of poisonous agents upon the living body (online)
- ISBN 978-1-000-64401-2.
- ^ "Births, Deaths and Marriages". Newcastle Journal. 12 August 1863. p. 3.
- ISBN 978-1-871538-21-2.
Further reading
- Benjamin, John (1970). "Addison, Thomas". ISBN 0-684-10114-9.
External links
- Addison's digitized works in the Iowa Digital Library
- Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1885). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 1. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- Thomas Addison (1855). On The Constitutional And Local Effects Of Disease Of The Supra-Renal Capsules. London: Samuel Highley.
- Epitaph and gravestone at Lanercost Priory.