Thomas Byron

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Sir Thomas Byron
Royalist Army
Battles/warsBattle of Edgehill
Battle of Hopton Heath

Sir Thomas Byron (c. 1610 – 5 February 1644) was a

Royalist officer during the First English Civil War. He had effective command of the Prince of Wales' cavalry regiment during the first year of the war, including at the Battle of Edgehill in late 1642. A few months later he led a charge during the Battle of Hopton Heath after the death of the Earl of Northampton
, which helped the Royalists capture enemy artillery pieces. Byron was attacked by one of his own soldiers over a pay dispute in December 1643, and died from his wounds on 5 February 1644.

Early life and family

Thomas Byron was born to Sir John Byron of Newstead Abbey, Nottinghamshire, and Anne Molyneux around 1610, the fifth of seven sons.[1] The Byron family were influential land-owners in both Lancashire and Nottinghamshire, across which they owned thousands of acres of land. Byron's great-grandfather and grandfather both served as High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, and his grandfather was also a Member of Parliament for the county in 1597. The family estate lessened during his grandfather's life, as he was forced to sell off parts of it to pay off his debts.[2] Thomas married Katherine Braine, and had two children, Thomas and John, who both died in infancy.[1] Katherine outlived Byron, and was buried at Westminster Abbey in 1676.[3]

English Civil War

On the outbreak of the First English Civil War in 1642, Byron and his brothers were "all passionately the King's", according to the writer Lucy Hutchinson, a family friend.[1] All seven Byron brothers fought on the Royalist side; the eldest, Sir John Byron, was credited with raising the first Royalist cavalry regiment of the war, in which three of the younger brothers served as officers.[4] Thomas Byron was appointed colonel of the Prince of Wales' cavalry regiment, and also commanded the Prince's troop, one of seven which made up the regiment.[5] He was knighted by King Charles on 27 September, in Shrewsbury.[6]

At the

Oxford University. In the same month, during the Royalist campaign in the Thames Valley, Byron and his older brother John occupied Fawley Court, the home of Bulstrode Whitelocke. The Royalist soldiers were ransacking the house, but Byron found Whitelocke's children hidden in the estate nearby, and protected them from harm, claiming that "it were a barbarous thing to hurt the pretty, innocent children".[1] In the following January, the regiment was quartered in Oxfordshire, where they received a stipend of £252 per week.[8]

By the following year,

Lord Hopton, who after his campaign in the south-west, was preparing to assault Surrey and Sussex. Byron and his regiment joined forces with Hopton in November 1643.[10]

Death

On 7 December 1643, Byron was attacked in Oxford as he left his lodgings by one of his own soldiers, Captain Hurst, over a pay dispute.[1] The historian Peter Young speculates that Hopton may have been on leave, as the Prince of Wales' Regiment was still with Hopton.[10] Hurst was executed the following week, while Byron died of the chest wound from the attack two months later, on 5 February 1644. He was buried four days later at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford.[1][10]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Yerby 2006.
  2. ^ R. C. G. (1981). Hasler, P.W. (ed.). "Byron, John (d.1623), of Colwick and Newstead, Notts. Clayton, Lancs". The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1558–1603 – via The History of Parliament Online.
  3. ^ "Dame Katherine Byron". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  4. ^ Barratt 2004, p. 120.
  5. ^ Young 1945, p. 107.
  6. ^ a b Manganiello 2004, p. 87.
  7. ^ Young 1967, pp. 112–113.
  8. ^ Young 1945, p. 108.
  9. ^ Brooks 2005, p. 394.
  10. ^ a b c Young 1945, p. 109.

Bibliography

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