Thomas Sexton (Irish politician)
Thomas Sexton | |
---|---|
Member of Parliament | |
In office 1880–1885 | |
Preceded by | Denis Maurice O'Conor and Edward King-Harman |
Succeeded by | Constituency divided |
Constituency | County Sligo |
In office 1885–1886 | |
Preceded by | New Constituency |
Succeeded by | Edward Joseph Kennedy |
Constituency | South Sligo |
In office 1886–1892 | |
Preceded by | James Horner Haslett |
Succeeded by | H. O. Arnold-Forster |
Constituency | Belfast West |
In office 1892–1896 | |
Preceded by | John Stack |
Succeeded by | Michael Joseph Flavin |
Constituency | North Kerry |
Lord Mayor of Dublin | |
In office 1888–1890 | |
Preceded by | Timothy Daniel Sullivan |
Succeeded by | Edward Joseph Kennedy |
Personal details | |
Born | 1848 Ballygannon, County Waterford, Ireland |
Died | 1932 (aged 83–84) |
Political party | Irish Parliamentary Party (until 1891) Irish National Federation (1891 to 1896) |
Thomas Sexton (1848–1932) was an
Early life
Sexton was born at Ballygannon,
Career
After being encouraged to run by
He was a cosigner of the No Rent Manifesto issued in 1881. He was regarded as one of the finest orators of the Irish Party, but handicapped by a querulous temperament.[1] He was noted for once having spoken for 3 hours straight during an attempt by the Irish Parliamentary Party to block the government from introducing the Coercion Act.[4]
In October 1881 Sexton was amongst those Irish Parliamentary Party MPs who were arrested and imprisoned alongside Parnell for "sabotaging the Land Act" through their activism with the
Sexton's victory in Belfast West in 1886 was considered an upset victory, with Joseph Devlin and his organisational skills being credited by some as the lynchpin behind it.[4]
Sexton's speech on the second reading of the first home rule bill has been called Sexton's greatest triumph, with William Gladstone describing it as "the most eloquent he had heard in a generation."[4]
In December 1887 Sexton received the freedom of Dublin.[4]
Sexton was a member of Dublin Corporation between 1886 and 1892, and during that time he became Lord Mayor of Dublin between 1888 and 1890.[5] During that reign, Sexton arranged a highly beneficial restructuring of the municipal debt.[4]
Anti-Parnellite
Following the party split over Parnell's leadership, Sexton sided with John Dillon's anti-Parnellite faction. Sexton felt that Parnell had to step aside in order for the Irish to maintain their political alliance with William Gladstone's Liberal party, however, Parnell refused to do so. Sexton also came to write for the Anti-Parnellite paper the National Press, launched in March 1891. The National Press merged with the more well-known Freeman's Journal in March 1892 and Sexton served as the chairman of the newly merged board.[4]
Sexton lost his seat in Belfast West in 1892 but won another seat in North Kerry in the same election. During this final run as an MP, Sexton was struck by the callousness of the in-fighting in the
Sexton seemed to come to regret this decision and thereafter tried to use his role as Chairman of the Freeman's Journal to influence his former colleagues, leading Dillon to complain about Sexton in 1899. Sexton continued to be an issue following the reunification of the Irish Parliamentary Party under John Redmond in 1900. By 1903, Sexton's Freeman's Journal was staunchly critical of the party, particularly over the issue of a land purchase scheme introduced by George Wyndham. Sexton criticised the scheme as both too generous to landlords but also for seeming, to him, to have the objective of "killing home rule with kindness". After Wyndham's Land Act came into law, John Dillon joined Sexton in rejecting the policy of seeking further areas of ‘conciliation’ between the IPP and the landlords. "Conciliation" had been seen by William O'Brien, who negotiated the scheme, and others as the basis for future progress. Redmond, while sympathetic to ‘conciliation’, refused to dissociate himself from the views of Dillon, Sexton and the Freeman. Dillon would not risk splitting the party again and so the policy of ‘conciliation’ was effectively at a dead end, put down largely thanks to Sexton and the Freeman.[4]
Sexton was a member of the Committee, chaired by Hugh Childers, to enquire into the financial relations between Great Britain and Ireland. In the report of the committee, published in 1896, he wrote a minority report showing that the tax burden on Ireland had been steadily increased throughout the nineteenth century, at the same time as its people were steadily impoverished.[7]
He was hostile to the
During Sexton's time as chairman of the Freeman's Journal, the paper began to suffer financially, struggling with competition from the National Press and from 1891 onwards, the pro-Parnall Irish Daily Independent. In the face of this competition, the Journal found it difficult to attract new investment and Sexton was unwilling to sell his shares in the paper for fear of losing control over it. In 1900 the Irish Daily Independent was purchased by William Martin Murphy and in 1905 transformed it into the Irish Independent, which sold at half the price of the Freeman's Journal and in a more popular format. The Freeman was unable to offer a response and began losing money. Sexton continued to try and hold on, but eventually the leadership of the Irish Parliamentary Party stepped in and forced his resignation. The paper had to be subsidised by the party in the following years until it was shut down in 1918 following the Irish Parliamentary Party's catastrophic loss to Sinn Féin in the 1918 Irish general election.[4]
Later life
After retiring from the Freeman's Journal he became Chairman of Boland's Mill, and during World War I denounced wartime taxation and in 1918 endorsed Sinn Féin.[1] At the end of his career he supported Fianna Fáil because it promised tariff protection for flour-milling.[1]
References
- ^ ISBN 0-7171-2744-3
- ^ ISBN 0-7171-2945-4.
- ^ a b c d Shepherd (2006), p. 140.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Larkin, Felix M. "Sexton, Thomas". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ "Lord Mayors of Dublin 1665–2021" (PDF). Dublin City Council. June 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
- ^ In the House of Commons Information Office publication Appointments to the Chiltern Hundreds and Manor of Northstead Stewardships since 1850, Thomas Sexton is recorded as having taken the Chiltern Hundreds on 19 February 1895. However, this appears to be an error. The London Gazette lists him as having been returned for North Kerry at the general election in August 1895 (see London Gazette, Issue 26651 published on the 9 August 1895, and the writ for the by-election was moved in April 1896 (see House of Commons Debates 14 April 1896 vol 39 c882). The date of his resignation is therefore listed here as 19 February 1896, rather than 1895.
- ^ "Ireland's Financial Burthen", Auckland Star, 11 January 1897, p. 3
- Shepherd, Ernie (2006). Waterford Limerick & Western Railway. ISBN 0-7110-3147-9.
External links
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Thomas Sexton
- Alexander Thom and Son Ltd. 1923. p. – via Wikisource. . . Dublin: