Timeline of Libreville

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Libreville, Gabon.

19th century

Part of a series on the
History of Gabon
Bantu expansion American settlement French colonization French Equatorial Africa Independence Jean-Hilaire Aubame Leon M'ba Politics Timeline

• 1843 - Fort and trading post established by French.^[1]
• 1849
  • Libreville founded by French military official
    Vili [fr] slaves were resettled in the new village.^[2][3]
  • M. Mountier, a resettled former slave, becomes mayor (approximate date).[4]
• 1860 - Town becomes administrative seat of colonial "French territories in the Gulf of Guinea" (approximate date).^[3]
• 1865 - Church of the Immaculate Conception built.^[5]
• 1888 - Libreville becomes administrative seat of colonial French Congo.^[5][6]

20th century

• 1904 - Administrative seat of colonial Congo Gabon moves from Libreville to Brazzaville.^[6]
• 1909 - Urban perimeter established.^[6]
• 1910 - Libreville becomes part of colonial French Equatorial Africa.^[5]
• 1940 - Roads built to Kango, Lambarene, and Owendo (approximate date).^[5]
• 1946 - Lumber processing factory built.^[5]
• 1955
  • Libreville attains commune status.^[7]
  • Roman Catholic diocese of Libreville established.^[8]
• 1956 - Léon M'ba becomes mayor.^[9]
• 1958 - Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption de Libreville [fr] built.^{[citation needed]}
• 1959 - Radiodiffusion-Télévision Gabonaise headquartered in city.^[10]
• 1960 - City becomes capital of the
  Republic of Gabon.^[1]
• 1964
  • March: 1964 United States Embassy in Libreville bombings occur.
  • Deepwater port opens in Owendo.^[1]
  • Population: 45,909 urban agglomeration.^[11]
• 1968 - Leon Mebiame Mba becomes mayor.^[9]
• 1970 -
  National University of Gabon
  established.
• 1974 -
  newspaper begins publication.^[10]
• 1976
  • June–July: Central African Games held in city.
  • Ntoutoume Obame appointed mayor.^[9]
• 1977 - July: Organisation of African Unity meeting held in Libreville.^[5]
• 1980 - Population: 185,000.^[7]
• 1981 - December: Anti-government protest.^[3]
• 1983
  • Centre International des Civilisations Bantu headquartered in city.
  • Jean Aveno Davin appointed mayor.^[9]
• 1989
  • Cleaude Damas Ozimo appointed mayor.^[9]
  • Meeting of the Association Internationale des Maires Francophones held in city.
• 1993
  • 27 April: 1993 Zambia national football team plane crash occurs.
  • Population: 420,000 (38% Fang, 28% Shira Punu, 12% Nzebi).^[4]
• 1994 - Centre Culturel Français opens.^(fr)
• 1996 - Mayoral election established per Decentralisation Law.^[7]
• 1997 - Paul Mba Abessole becomes mayor.^[9]

21st century

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2019)

• 2005 - November: Post-election unrest.^[12]
• 2006 - Population: 600,000 (approximate).^[7]
• 2008 - April:
  Gabonese local elections, 2008 held; Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane
  becomes mayor.
• 2010 - Akanda FC (football club) formed.
• 2011
  • Institut français du Gabon [fr] headquartered in city.
  • Stade d'Angondjé (stadium) opens.
• 2012 - 12 February:
  2012 Africa Cup of Nations Final
  (football contest) held in Libreville.
• 2013 - Population: 703,939 urban agglomeration.^[13]
• 2014 -
  Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda becomes mayor.^[14]
• 2016 - 31 August: Post-election protest begins.
• 2017 - 5 February:
  2017 Africa Cup of Nations Final
  held in Libreville.

See also

• Libreville history
• Chronology of Gabon

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Young 2010.
2. Statesman's Year-Book
   . London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. pp. 886–888.
3. ^
   ISBN 978-0203409954
   .
4. ^ ^{a b} Binza 2006.
5. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Ngolet 2005.
6. ^ ^{a b c} "Historique de la ville". Libreville.ga (in French). Retrieved 25 July 2017.
7. ^ ^{a b c d} Mboumba 2013.
8. ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Gabon". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
9. ^ ^{a b c d e f} "Anciens maires de Libreville". Libreville.ga (in French). Retrieved 25 July 2017.
10. ^
    ISBN 978-1857431834
    .
11. Statistical Office of the United Nations
    . 1966. pp. 140–161.
12. ^ "Madagascar Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 21 June 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
13. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.
14. ^ "Gabon: Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda, le nouveau visage de Libreville". Jeune Afrique (in French). Paris. 21 January 2014.

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

• Henry H. Bucher Jr. (1979). "Liberty and Labor: The Origins of Libreville Reconsidered". Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire. 41.
• François Ngolet (2005). "Libreville". In
  ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6
  .
• Hugues Steve Ndinga-Koumba Binza (2006). "Demographic profiles of Libreville and Lome". In S.B. Bekker; Anne Leildé (eds.). Reflections on Identity in Four African Cities. South Africa: African Minds.
  ISBN 978-1-920051-40-2
  . (about Cape Town, Johannesburg, Libreville, Lomé)
• Peter P. Hinks; John R. McKivigan, eds. (2007). "Libreville". Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition. Greenwood. p. 432+.
  ISBN 978-0-313-33144-2
  .
• Eric Young (2010). "Libreville, Gabon". In Kwame Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (eds.). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 51+.
  ISBN 9780195337709
  .

in French

• Persee.fr.
• François Villien (1984). "Les consommations d'énergie à Libreville" [Consumption of energy in Libreville]. Cahiers d'Outre-Mer (in French). 37 – via Persee.fr.
• Rano-Michel Nguema (2005). "Développement de la ville, découpage et appropriation des territoires urbains au Gabon: le cas de Libreville".
  Revues.org.
• Anicet Mboumba (2013). "La difficile mutation du gouvernement urbain au Gabon: jeux d'acteurs dans la gestion des déchets à Libreville" [Problem of urbanization in Gabon]. Cahiers d'Outre-Mer (in French). 66 (261): 69–84.
  doi:10.4000/com.6778 – via Revues.org.
• Fidèle Allogho-Nkoghe (2014). La fondation de Libreville: une lecture nouvelle à partir d'une théorie géopolitique (in French). Paris: Connaissances et Savoirs.
  ISBN 9782753902411
  .
• Jean-Emery Etoughe-Efe (2017). Les Bars Populaires de Libreville. Études africaines (in French). Paris:
  ISBN 978-2-343-12257-1
  .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Libreville.

• "(Libreville)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
• Items related to Libreville, various dates (via Europeana) (Images, etc.)
• Items related to Libreville, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America) (Images, etc.)
• "(Libreville)".
  Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library
  . (Bibliography)
• "(Libreville)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands:
  African Studies Centre
  . (Bibliography)
• "(Libreville)".
  AfricaBib.org
  . (Bibliography)
• "Libreville, Gabon". BlackPast.org. US. 16 March 2011.