Tish-atal
Tish-atal (Hurrian 𒋾 𒅖 𒀀 𒊑) (
Hurrian rulers, but the archaeological record is fragmentary for this period, and no precise date can be ascribed to his reign.[2]
Name
In older literature the name Tishari is sometimes used, but it has now been established that the correct rendering is Tish-atal.[3]
Two other rulers with a similar name are known from around the same period, Tish-atal of Nineveh and Dishatal, king of Karahar. These are thought to be distinct persons, so the name was probably common in the area where the Hurrians lived.[4]
Inscription
A
Louvre Museum, along with one of the lions. This famous inscription is the earliest known writing in the Hurrian language.[5][6] The following translation is given by Mirjo Salvini:[7]
Tish-atal, endan of Urkesh, has built a temple for Nergal. May the god Lubadag[8] protect it. He who destroys this temple, may Lubadag destroy. May the god [...] not hear his prayers. May the lady of Nagar,[9] Shimaga[10] and the storm god curse ten thousand times he who destroys it.
Notes and references
- ^ The title 'endan' was used as the equivalent of 'king', but may also have had the meaning of 'high-priest' (Wilhelm, pp. 121-122)
- ^ Wilhelm, p. 118
- ^ Wilhelm, p. 120
- ^ Salvini, p. 107
- ^ De Voogt, Alexander J., Finkel, Irving L., The Idea of Writing: Play and Complexity, BRILL 2010, p. 117
- ^ Salvini, p. 106
- ^ Salvini, p. 107
- ^ known as Nupatik or Nubadig in later sources (Taracha, p. 119)
- ^ Nagar may be Tell Brak, in northeastern Syria. (Wilhelm, p. 140)
- ^ The Hurrian sun-god (Wilhelm, p. 140)
Bibliography
- Urkesh and the Hurrians: Studies in Honor of Lloyd Cotsen, ed. G. Bucaletti and M. Kelly-Bucaletti, Undena Publications, Malibu 1998, ISBN 0-89003-501-6:
- Salvini, Mirjo (1998). The Earliest Evidences of the Hurrians Before the Formation of the Reign of Mittanni
- Taracha, Piotr (2009.). Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia
- Wilhelm, Gernot (1998). Die inschrift des Tišatal von Urkeš