Transposition, docking, and extraction
Transposition, docking, and extraction (often abbreviated to transposition and docking) was a maneuver performed during
The same maneuver was performed on the 1975
Procedure
Transposition and docking was performed by the
- A "CSM/LV Sep" button on the control panel was pressed, which ignited .
- The CSM's . Translation thrusters were then used to move it back to the LM. A T-shaped docking target on the top of the LM aligned optically with a reticle pattern on the CMP's left-hand docking window to ensure proper spacecraft alignment.
- A soft dock was achieved when a probe at the top of the CSM was inserted into a hole in the center of a cone-shaped drogue at the top of the LM and three small capture latches closed. Hard dock was achieved by activating a mechanism which retracted the probe and caused twelve more capture latches to close around the command module's docking flange.
- A pressure equalization valve in the CM forward hatch was opened to allow oxygen to fill the LM through a similar valve in its hatch that was left open at launch. When the pressure equalized, the pilot removed the CM hatch, removed the probe and drogue, inspected the capture latches, and connected two umbilical cables which electrically connected the CM and LM. He then replaced the CM hatch.
- The LM hold-down attachments and umbilical connection to the S-IVB Instrument Unit were released, and the CSM's translation thrusters were used to pull the CSM/LM stack a safe distance away from the S-IVB, which would then be steered by ground control either to a heliocentric orbit, or to a deliberate crash landing on the Moon.
The astronauts were in no hurry to complete this maneuver, which nominally took about an hour.[1] It would take longer if problems were encountered; for instance, Stuart Roosa had trouble getting the capture latches to engage for docking on Apollo 14, and the procedure took two hours and eighteen minutes.[2]
Missions
Transposition and docking was performed on all Apollo missions which carried both the CSM and the LM, from Apollo 9 onward. Transposition and a mock LM-docking approach was first simulated on the Earth-orbiting Apollo 7 flight (which carried a docking target in the SLA, but no LM). The "Block I" SLA used on the early Saturn IB launch vehicles had panels that opened at a 45° angle but did not separate from the S‑IVB. One of the panels did not open the full angle, preventing the crew from approaching the S‑IVB for fear they might strike this panel. This was corrected with the "Block II" SLA design used on all crewed Saturn V Apollo flights (starting with Apollo 8), which detached the panels and pushed them away from the S‑IVB with springs.
The last mission to use the maneuver was the
See also
- Manned Venus flyby – a transposition and docking maneuver would have been required on this mission
References
- ^ Orloff, Richard W. (September 2004). Apollo 11 Timeline. Washington, D.C.: NASA History Division. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
- ^ Orloff, Richard W. (September 2004). Apollo 14 Summary. Washington, D.C.: NASA History Division. Retrieved June 9, 2016.