Treaty of Edinburgh
The Treaty of Edinburgh (also known as the Treaty of Leith) was a
French and English troops in Scotland
The rule of Mary of Guise in Scotland was supported by French troops. Scottish Protestants challenged her rule in the Reformation Crisis. During the ensuing Siege of Leith, French troops fortified the port and town of Leith against an English and Scottish Protestant force. The English army was invited into Scotland by the Treaty of Berwick made by the Lords of the Congregation. The treaty was concluded on 6 July 1560 just short of a month after the death of Mary of Guise. The fortifications at Leith, Inchkeith and Dunbar Castle were duly removed, and the French garrisons left Scotland.[1] Other conditions discussed involved the joint use of English and French heraldry by Mary, Queen of Scots.[2]
Remains of an artillery fort involved in the siege were found in 2006 in Edinburgh's Pilrig Park, and two gun emplacements can be seen on Leith Links.[3]
Terms of the treaty
The representatives were
It was agreed between France and England that all their land and naval forces would withdraw from Scotland. Mary and Francis II of France should not use the arms and signs of England and Ireland in their heraldry. Mary and Francis would fulfill the representations made by the nobility and people of Scotland on 6 July 1560.[7]
Ratification
The terms of this treaty are occasionally confused with the acts of the Reformation Parliament of 1560 which met in August, and sought to establish the Protestant church in Scotland. However the treaty was not
Mary may not have wanted the Treaty to be ratified as she was heavily attached to France, having been its
See also
References
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 444.
- ^ HMC Salisbury Hatfield Manuscripts, vol. 1 (London, 1883), p. 240.
- ^ Herald & Post (newspaper), Scotsman Publications Ltd., Edinburgh. 7 December 2006.
- ^ HMC Salisbury, Hatfield Manuscripts, vol. 1 (London, 1883), pp. 245–6.
- ^ Edmund Lodge, Illustrations of British History, Biography and Manners, 1 (London, 1791), pp. 320–322.
- ^ Edmund Lodge, Illustrations of British History, 1 (London, 1791), pp. 329–336, Cecil and Wotton to Elizabeth, 19 June 1560.
- ^ Gordon Donaldson, A Source Book of Scottish History, vol. 2 (Thomas Nelson, 1953), pp. 171–172, from Foedera, vol. 15, 593–7.
- ^ Susan Doran, Elizabeth I and Her Circle (Oxford, 2015), 66-7: David Hay Fleming, Mary Queen of Scots (London, 1897), 68–9.
- ^ Tom Steel, Scotland's Story: A New Perspective (London: William Collins, 1984), p. 74.
Further reading
- "Text of Treaty from Haynes (1740), Salisbury-Hatfield Mss".
- Rymer, Thomas, ed. (1713). Foedera, conventiones, literae et cujuscunque generis acta publica inter reges Angliae et alios. Vol. 15. London. pp. 581, 593–593, 601–602. Texts of the Treaty; pp. 581 French commission; pp. 591–3 Order for the demolition of Leith (French); pp. 593–7 Latin treaty, pp. 601–2 English ratification.
- Bain, J., ed. (1898). Calendar of the State Papers relating to Scotland and Mary Queen of Scots 1547–1603. Vol. 1. H.M. General Register House Edinburgh. p. 490.