Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud (1755–1834)
Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud | |||||
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Emir of Nejd | |||||
Reign | 1819–1820 | ||||
Predecessor | Abdullah bin Saud Al Saud Muhammad Ali of Egypt | ||||
Successor | Mishari bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud | ||||
Reign | 1824–9 May 1834 | ||||
Born | 1755 | ||||
Died | 9 May 1834 (aged 78–79) Riyadh, Emirate of Nejd | ||||
Issue | List
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Dynasty | Saud | ||||
Father | Abdullah bin Muhammad |
Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud (
Family background and early life
Turki was born in 1755.
Ascent
Turki fought in the defense of
Reign
In 1823, Turki re-emerged to form an alliance with Sawaid, the ruler of Jalajil in Sudair,[11] and had soon established himself in Irqah. He made further incursions into Najd, in which he seized major settlements such as Durma and Manfuhah in order to isolate Riyadh and its Egyptian garrison.[12] By August 1824, Riyadh itself came under siege and fell a few months later; Turki designated Riyadh as the new Saudi capital the same year[11][13] as Diriyah had been devastated and largely depopulated by the Egyptians during their occupation.[14] In Riyadh he constructed Qasr Al Hukm in 1824 to be used as the headquarters of the Amir.[15]
Though he had succeeded in re-establishing a viable Saudi polity, Turki chose to remain a nominal vassal of the Ottomans due to what had happened to
In addition to his religious personality and extensive involvement in war Turki was also a patron of poets, namely Rahman bin Jabir and Abdulaziz bin Hamad bin Nasir bin Muammar, during his reign.[19]
Assassination
In spite of his success in returning the House of Saud to power, Turki could not avoid falling victim to familial intrigue.[20] On 9 May 1834, as the imam was leaving the mosque, he was ambushed and slain by three assassins working for his second-cousin (and fellow member of the House of Saud) Mishari bin Abdul Rahman.[21] It was Mishari who then emerged “with an unsheathed sword”,[1] insisting that he, and not Faisal (who was away on campaign against Bahrain), was the new imam.[20] Faisal, however, quickly learned of his father's assassination and hurried back to Riyadh. He reached this city by the end of May, defeating and executing Mishari within a matter of weeks.[22] Yet this was only a partial victory as it would take almost a decade of fighting against other would-be usurpers before Faisal succeeded in establishing his authority as Turki’s successor.
Legacy
The Second Saudi State would endure until 1891. In addition, Turki was the progenitor of four branches of the House of Saud:
- The Al Faisal- through his eldest son and successor Faisal; this is the branch to which the present line of Saudi monarchs belongs.[23] According to the Library of Congress, it contained several thousand male descendants of Turki by the late twentieth century.[24]
- The Al Turki[25]- through his youngest son Abdullah bin Turki.[23]
- The Al Jiluwi- through his son Jiluwi who was born while Turki was in exile.[8] His mother was Huwaydiya bint Ghaydan bin Jazi Al Shamir.[26]
- The Saud Al Kabir- through Faisal's son
The Imam Turki bin Abdullah Mosque in Riyadh is named in his honour.
References
- ^ a b c d Vassiliev 2013
- ProQuest 304402090.
- ISBN 9789087280574.
- ^ Turki bin Khalid bin Saad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (2015). Saudi Arabia-Iran relations 1929-2013 (PhD thesis). King's College London.
- ^ ISBN 978-0844407913.
- ^ Winder 1965, p. 279
- ^ a b Roby C. Barrett (June 2015). "Saudi Arabia: Modernity, Stability, and the Twenty-First Century Monarchy" (Report). Joint Special Operations University. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ a b Winder 1965, p. 52.
- ^ Winder 1965, p. 64.
- ^ Winder 1965, pp. 54-55
- ^ a b Christopher Keesee Mellon (May 2015). "Resiliency of the Saudi Monarchy: 1745-1975" (Master's Project). The American University of Beirut. Beirut. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
- ^ Winder 1965, pp. 60-63
- ProQuest 456297.
- ^ Winder 1965, p. 64
- .
- ^ Winder 1965, pp. 64-65
- ^ Winder 1965, pp. 68-69
- ^ Winder 1965, pp. 75-78
- ^ a b Bilal Ahmad Kutty (1993). Political and religious origins of Saudi Arabia (PDF) (MA thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. pp. 41, 69. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 June 2021.
- ^ a b Parvaiz Ahmad Khanday (2009). A Critical Analysis of the Religio-Political Conditions of Modern Saudi Arabia (PDF) (PhD thesis). Aligarh Muslim University.
- ^ Winder, 1965, p. 94
- ^ Jerald L. Thompson (December 1981). H. St. John Philby, Ibn Saud and Palestine (MA thesis). University of Kansas.
- ^ ProQuest 303295482.
- ISBN 978-0844407913.
- ^ a b Kechichian 2001, pp. 33–34.
- ^ "عبدالله بن جلوي بن تركي آل سعود". Obaikan (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ^ "Royal Family Directory". www.datarabia.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
Bibliography
- Joseph A. Kechichian (2001). Succession in Saudi Arabia. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0312299620.
- Alexei Vassiliev (2013). The History of Saudi Arabia. London: Saqi. ISBN 978-0863567797.
- R. Bayly Winder (1965). Saudi Arabia in the Nineteenth Century. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1349817238.