Urra=hubullu

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The Urra=hubullu (𒄯𒊏 𒄷𒇧𒈝 ur5-ra — ḫu-bul-lu4) is a major Babylonian glossary or "encyclopedia".[1] It consists of Sumerian and Akkadian lexical lists ordered by topic.[2][3] The canonical version extends to 24 tablets, and contains almost 10,000 words.[4] The conventional title is the first gloss, ur5-ra and ḫubullu meaning "interest-bearing debt" in Sumerian and Akkadian, respectively. One bilingual version from Ugarit [RS2.(23)+] is Sumerian/Hurrian rather than Sumerian/Akkadian.

A partial table of contents:

  • Tablet 4: naval vehicles
  • Tablet 5: terrestrial vehicles
  • Tablets 13 to 15: systematic enumeration of the names of domestic animals, terrestrial animals, and birds (including bats)[5]
  • Tablet 16: stones
  • Tablet 17: plants.[6]
  • Tablet 22: star names[7]

The bulk of the collection was compiled in the Old Babylonian period (early 2nd millennium BC), with pre-canonical forerunner documents extending into the later 3rd millennium.[8]

Like other canonical glossaries, the Urra=hubullu was often used for scribal practice. Other Babylonian glossaries include:

  • Ea: a family of lists that give the simple signs of the cuneiform writing system with their pronunciation and Akkadian meanings. (MSL volume 14)
  • "Table of Measures": conversion tables for grain, weights and surface measurements. Again, it is not clear how these tablets were used.
  • Lú and Lú=ša, a list of professions (MSL volume 12)
  • Izi, a list of compound words ordered by increasing complexity
  • Diri "limited to compound logograms whose reading cannot be inferred from their individual components; it also includes marginal cases such as reduplications, presence or absence of determinatives, and the like." (MSL volume 14)
  • Nigga, Erimhuš and other school texts

References

  • Benno Landsberger The Series HAR-ra="hubullu", Materials for the Sumerian lexicon (MSL), 5. 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11, Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1957-
  • A. Poebel, The Beginning of the Fourteenth Tablet of Harra Hubullu, The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. 52, No. 2 (Jan., 1936), pp. 111-114
  • Soldt, W. H. van, "Babylonian Lexical, Religious and Literary Texts, and Scribal Education at Ugarit and its Implications for the Alphabetic Literary Texts," in: Ugarit: ein ostmediterranes Kulturzentrum in Alten Orient: Ergebnisse und Perspektiven der Forschung, Dietrich and Loretz eds., Abhandlungen zur Literatur Alt-Syrien-Palästinas, vol 7, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 1995, 171-212

References

  1. ISSN 2224-0039
    .
  2. ISSN 1984-6398
    .
  3. ISBN 978-90-04-20231-3
    , retrieved 2024-01-02
  4. ^ HOROWITZ, W (1988). "An Assur Source for Urra 21: KAV 80 90 137 ( ) 89". An Assur Source for Urra 21: KAV 80 90 137 ( ) 89. 35: 64–72.
  5. S2CID 171132035
    .
  6. ISBN 978-1-4051-7935-5
    .
  7. S2CID 259765514
    .
  8. ISSN 0004-9670
    .

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