User:Carolingfield/Cold Big Bang Cosmology

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Cold Big Bang Cosmology

cosmological model characterized by an absolute zero temperature at the beginning of the Universe. See also: Big Bang and Cold Big Bang
.

In an attempt to understand the origin of

cohesion within the Lemaître's primaveral atom. In 1966, David Layzer proposed a variant on Lemaître's cosmology in which the initial state of the universe was near absolute zero. Layzer argued that, rather than in an initial high entropy state, the primordial universe was in a very low entropy state
near absolute zero.

A Model: Hypotheses and Solution

In

Robertson-Walker metric
.

From the

Einstein's (GR) field equations in natural units, the author reachs the Friedmann equations
in the following form




The author refers to as being the magnification lenght scale of the cosmological dynamics, depending on the

universe goes through a time evolution between two cosmological instants. The author includes the cosmological constant
within the vacuum density and vacuum Pressure .

The author seems to refer to the following local energy conservation criteria, since, in author's words: the question of energy conservation in cosmology is weakened, supported by the known lack of scope of the Noether's theorem in cosmology



where is the

stress-energy tensor. This local covariant implementation leads to the first law of thermodynamics


The author writes down the
equation of state for the Weyl's fluid within the ultrarelativistic limit, firstly considering an universe dominated by radiation.

Integrating the Friedmann equations within this scenario, the author takes into consideration the absolute value, leading to the following result for the pressure

where is an

arbitrary constant of integration
.

The author neglects the vacuum terms, neglecting the vacuum density and the vacuum pressure, in relation to the radiation; applies the initial conditions at the beginning of the universe:



at , obtaining for the pressure



where is the normalized

curvature
.

Invoking internal consistency,

robustness
, the author obtains , implying in an
open universe
.

Within the appendix, the author raises an argument from

Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and postulates[1]
:

"The actual energy content of the universe is a consequence of the increasing indeterminacy of the primordial era. Any origin of a co-moving reference frame within the cosmological substratum has an inherent indeterminacy. Hence, the indeterminacy of the energy content of the universe may create the impression that the universe has not enough energy, raising illusions as dark energy and dark matter speculations. In other words, since the original source of energy emerges as an indeterminacy, we postulate this indeterminacy continues being the energy content of the observational universe:

From the

Bose-Einstein statistics, the author reachs the following expression for the Cosmic background radiation (MBR) temperature as a function
of R



from which the author obtains an

temperature. Also, the value for the Big Bang ignition.

In a recently published derivation, in which this cosmologically persistent

Heisenberg indeterminacy is derived from a quantization criteria, a discreteness criteria [2]
:

,

the same previously postulated amount of energy indeterminacy is obtained, where , an increasingly function on the cosmological time , is the number of elementary discrete fluctuations of energy within a spherical shell full of cosmological fluid at the cosmological instant of the cosmological time. The points within this shell have got an inherent position indeterminacy, also quantized, such that these points pertain to the cosmological fluid in its simultaneity hypersurface at the instant , i.e., the points inside this shell are cosmologically simultaneous.


References

  1. ^ a b c Armando V.D.B. Assis (2011). "On the Cold Big Bang Cosmology" (PDF). Progress in Physics. 2/2011: 58–63.
  2. ^ Armando V.D.B. Assis (2011). "Assis, Armando V.D.B. A Note on the Quantization Mechanism within the Cold Big Bang Cosmology. Progress in Physics, 2011, v. 4, 40-41" (PDF). Progress in Physics. 4/2011: 40–41.


External links