User:DeHooMin/Sandbox/Singapore Army
This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2008) |
Tentera Singapura | |
---|---|
Founded | 12 March 1957 |
Country | Lieutenant General Winston Choo |
The Singapore Army (
Capabilities
The mission of the Army is to deter aggression, and should deterrence fail, to secure a swift and decisive victory. In peacetime, the Army is to be ready and capable of conducting a spectrum of operations to protect Singapore's national interests and the well-being of its citizens.[4]
The Singapore Army focuses on leveraging technology and weapon systems as "
Singapore Army | |||||||||||
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Aside from hardware, the Singapore Army heavily invests in its "software". Largely made-up of tertiary-educated conscripts and professional regulars, its soldiers are highly-educated, well-trained and technically proficient.[5]
To equip all soldiers with practical fighting experience, large-scale exercises, up to division level are conducted several times a year, exposing almost every fighting unit to full-spectrum, full-scale war scenarios. Some of these exercises also involve the air force and navy, in order to familiarise its troops with its combined arms, tri-service operations. Due to space constraints, such exercises are usually conducted overseas unilaterally. Reservists take part in overseas exercises regularly and there is persistent pressure on units to improve their operational readiness.[5] Bilateral training and exchanges are also common between friendly nations. The Singapore Army also professionally conducts "tough, realistic and safe training in order to fulfill the Army’s mission." [4]
The Singapore Army is currently undergoing the transformation into a 3rd Generation fighting force.[6] The SAF's evolution into its 3rd Generation involves combining advances in technology and training while using networking to integrate the tri-services into an integrated fighting force. This will provide even greater operational-readiness and flexibility during war and peace time.
Organisation
The Army is headed by the Chief of Army (COA), currently
Combat Arms
The army consists of the following Combat Arms, which are integrated with one another to form the Divisional and Non-divisional assets:
- Armour[12]
- Artillery[13]
- Combat Engineers
- Commandos
- Guards
- Infantry
- Signals
These are bolstered by Combat Service Support Units which consist of the following:
- Army Intelligence
- Army Medical Services
- Army Maintenance and Engineering Support
- Army Supply and Transport
- Singapore Armed Forces Ammunition Command
Divisions
Combined-Arms Divisions
The main components of the Army are its 3 active Combined-Arms Divisions[14]: 3rd, 6th and 9th Div.[15] They include both active and reserve units, all of which can be mobilised in phases.
Each division comprises:
- 1 Armoured Recce Battalion
- 1 Armoured Brigade (3 Armoured Battalions, 1 Engineer Company, 1 Signal Company, 1 Reconnaissance Company)
- 2-4 Infantry Brigades (3 Infantry Battalions, 1 Engineer Company, 1 Signal Company, 1 Reconnaissance Company)
- 1 Signal Battalion
- 2 Artillery Battalions
- 1 Combat Engineers Battalion
- 1 Air Defence Battalion
Name | Headquarters | Commander | Type |
---|---|---|---|
3rd Division
|
Jurong Camp I | Brigadier General Perry Lim | Combined Arms |
6th Division
|
Mandai Hill Camp | Brigadier General Yeo See Peng | Combined Arms |
9th Division
|
Selarang Camp | Colonel Chia Choon Hoong | Combined Arms |
Other Divisions
Name | Headquarters | Commander | Type |
---|---|---|---|
2 People's Defence Force | Clementi Camp | Brigadier General Lam Shiu Tong | Island Defence Task Force |
21st Division | Colonel Nelson Yau | Army Operational Reserve | |
25th Division | Brigadier General Benedict Lim | Army Operational Reserve |
Non-divisional units
- 1 Military Intelligence Battalion (1MIBN - 1st Military Intelligence Bn)
Motto: "First In" (Disbanded and Reorganised in 2010)
- 1 Active Commandos Battalion (1CDO - 1st Commando Bn) and
1x Reserve Commando Battalion Motto: "For Honour and Glory"
- Unknown number of the elite "Special Operations Forces (SOF)" trained by United States Special Forces Operational Detachment- DELTA Force and Naval Diving Units whose members undergo training conducted by the United States Navy SEALS.[citation needed]
Motto: "We Dare"
- 1 Aggressor Company - Under TRADOC/ATEC, this Company bases itself on the Aggressor Orbat and varies slightly from the normal Infantry Company, with a platoon specialising in Armour Simulation using normal vehicles. They are the 'Red' opposing Force for ATEC evaluations. Also known as OPFOR.[citation needed]
- 1 Armour Aggressor Company - Focuses on playing the same OPFOR role in exercises with Armour formations. [citation needed]
- 1 Medical Response Force Unit (MRF) - Counter Chemical and Biological Warfare Unit (approximately large company sized), composed of three platoons of specially trained Combat Medic Specialists. Motto: "Against All Adversity"
- 1 Heavy Tank Battalion - 48 SAR with 30+ Leopard 2A4
- 1 Special Operations Task Force - A Special Operations Command-type unit consisting of the NDU, Commandos and the SOF
- 1 Army Developmental Force (1 ADF) - A regular guards battalion-size unit for experimental training and doctrine development. Also provide SAF with an experienced and operational force at all times. Suitable for low-intensity conflict, anti-terroism, peacekeeping operations etc.
Equipment
Type | Quantity |
Main battle tanks | ~212 |
Leopard 2SG (120mm Rheinmetall L44 main gun) | >132[16] (includes 30 spare tanks, excludes 14 Bergepanzer BPz3 Büffel ARVs[17]) |
Centurion Mk 3/Mk 7 (105mm L7 main gun)
|
>80 [18] |
Light tanks | 362 |
AMX-13SM1 | 340[17] (retiring in phases) |
AMX-10PAC90 | 22[17] (in reserves) |
Mechanized infantry Combat Vehicles / IFVs | ~1,022 |
AMX-10P | 22[17] (in reserves) |
Bushmaster II chain gun/New armour)
|
200[17] |
Bionix 25 (25mm M242 Bushmaster chain gun) | 200[17] |
Bionix 40/50 (CIS 40mm AGL + STK 50MG) | 300[17] |
Terrex AV-81
|
~300 |
Armoured Personnel Carriers /Reconnaissance Vehicles
|
1,335 |
M113A2 ULTRA 40/50 (CIS 40mm AGL + STK 50MG) | 950[17] |
M113A2 ULTRA OWS (25mm M242 Bushmaster chain gun) | 50[17] |
Cadillac Gage V-100/150/200 | 30/40/200 (total 270 in reserves), 50 V-200s in use by the RSAF[17] |
MaxxPro Dash MRAP | 15 in Afghanistan as part of International Security Assistance Force[17] |
Multiple Rocket Launchers
|
18 |
High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS)
|
18[17] |
XM31 Unitary HE GMLRS Pod | 32 (192 rockets)[17] |
Mortars | ~62 |
81 mm | ~? |
Soltam M-65 120 mm towed mortar | 50 (in reserves)[17] |
Soltam M-66 160 mm towed mortar | 12 (in storage)[17] |
Howitzers | ~400 |
25 pounder Mk II
|
12 (Ceremonial gun) |
Soltam M-68 155mm/L33 Towed Howitzer | 45 (in storage)[17] |
Soltam M-71S 155mm/L39 Towed Howitzer | 38 (in storage)[17] |
M-114A1 155 mm Towed Howitzer | 16 (in storage)[17] |
FH-88 155mm/L39 Towed Howitzer | 54 (48 retired, 6 sold to Indonesian Army)[17] |
FH-2000 155mm/L52 Towed Howitzer | 72[citation needed] |
LG1 105mm/L30 Towed Howitzer
|
37 (in storage)[19] |
SSPH Primus 155mm/L39 Self-Propelled Howitzer (SSPH-1) | 48 (not including 2× command post & 4× recovery vehicle)[17] |
SLWH Pegasus 155mm/L39 Heli-portable Lightweight Howitzer | 54[citation needed] |
Artillery-locating radar | 10 |
AN/TPQ-36 Firefinder radar | 4[17] |
AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder radar | 3[17] |
ARTHUR
|
3[17] |
Armoured Engineers | ~56 |
FV180 Combat Engineer Tractor | 36[17] |
M60 Armoured Vehicle Launched Bridge (AVLB)
|
12[17] |
M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle (CEV) -165mm Demolition Gun | 8[17] |
Bionix Counter-Mine Vehicle (Trailblazer) | ~? |
Aardvark JSFU (Joint Service Flail Unit) | ~? |
Field Engineers | ~? |
Vehicle Launched Bridge (VLB) | ~? |
Foldable Longspan Bridge (FLB) | ~? |
Projected Line Charge (PLC) | ~? |
Bionix AVLB | ~? |
Bridging Engineers | ~? |
M3G Float Bridge | ~? |
All-Terrain Tracked Vehicles | ~700 |
Bronco ATTC (GPMG armed/120mm Super-Rapid Mortar) | ~400 [citation needed] |
Bandvagn 206 (GPMG armed) | ~300 |
Unmanned Vehicles | ~? |
Skyblade Mini-UAVs | ~? |
Anti-Tank Rockets/Missiles | ~4,000 [citation needed] |
Carl Gustav recoilless rifle
|
~?[20] |
SPIKE-LR | 1,000[21] |
Matador
|
~3,000[citation needed] |
Guards Vehicles | ~400 |
Spider LSV with twin SPIKE ATGM
|
~200[citation needed] |
Spider LSV | ~200[citation needed] |
Direct Fire Weapons | ~400,000 [citation needed] |
SAR 21 | ~150,000 [citation needed] |
SAR-21 Grenade Launcher | ~? |
M16S1 local variant of M16A1 produced under license | ~200,000[22] |
CAR-15 Carbine version of the M-16 | ~5,000[22] |
M203 grenade launcher | ~20,000 [citation needed] |
Ultimax 100 | ~20,000 [citation needed] |
FN MAG 7.62 mm General Purpose Machine Gun | ~10,000 [citation needed] |
CIS 12.7 mm HMG | ~3,000 [citation needed] |
Sig-Sauer P226 9 mm Pistol
|
~? |
H&K MP-5N 9 mm SMG | ~2,000 |
FN P90 5.7 mm SMG | ~500 |
FN Five-seven 5.7 mm Pistol | ~500 [citation needed] |
PGM Mini-Hecate 8.6 mm Long-Range Sniper Rifle | ~100 |
H&K PSG-1 7.62 mm Semi-Automatic Sniper Rifle | ~? |
Accuracy International L96A1 7.62 mm Sniper Rifle | ~? |
Accuracy International L115A1 8.6 mm Long-Range Sniper Rifle | ~? |
Steyr SSG 69 7.62 mm Sniper Rifle | ~? |
Brügger & Thomet APR308 7.62 mm Sniper Rifle
|
~? |
Photo gallery
-
Another photo of Singapore Army's Leopard 2A4 at the Singapore Airshow 2008.
-
AMX-10PAC 90 with the 90mm main gun
-
SM-1 Launched Bridge (SLB)
-
M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle (CEV)
-
FV180 Combat Engineer Tractor (CET)
-
The Vehicle Launched Bridge
-
The Bionix Armoured Recovery Vehicle (ARV)
-
The Bionix Launched Bridge (BLB)
-
The 105mm Giat LG-1 howitzer at the SAF Open House
-
FH-2000 in towing configuration
-
Open breech of FH-2000 as seen from loader position
-
The SLWH Pegasus at the Singapore Airshow 2008
-
The 155mm/39calibre Singapore Self-Propelled Howitzer 1 (SSPH 1)
-
SPIKE ATGM complete with mock-up missile
-
The MATADOR (Man-portable Anti-Tank, Anti-DOoR)
-
The new CIS-50 12.7mm Heavy Machine Gun
See also
- Singapore Armed Forces
- Republic of Singapore Air Force
- Republic of Singapore Navy
- Singapore Special Operations Force
- Singapore Armed Forces ranks
References
- Notes
- ^ "1957 - Our First Battalion". MINDEF. Retrieved 22 March 2010.
- ^ "1963 - Konfrontasi". MINDEF. Retrieved 22 March 2010.
- ^ "1963 - Pioneering Spirit of 2 SIR". MINDEF. Retrieved 22 March 2010.
- ^ a b "The Singapore Army- About Us". MINDEF.
- ^ a b Tim Huxley, Defending the Lion City, Allen & Unwin, 2000, p.65.
- ^ "The 3rd Generation SAF". MINDEF.
- ^ http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/atozlistings/army/About_Us/Org_Structure.html
- ^ http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/publications/cyberpioneer/news/2011/mar/28mar11_news.html
- ^ http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/atozlistings/army/army_news/News_Archive/2011/Apr2011/SMA_COC.html
- ^ http://app.sgdi.gov.sg/listing.asp?agency_subtype=dept&agency_id=0000000370
- ^ http://app.sgdi.gov.sg/listing.asp?agency_subtype=dept&agency_id=0000000383
- ^ Armour
- ^ Artillery
- ^ http://app.sgdi.gov.sg/listing.asp?agency_subtype=dept&agency_id=0000000376
- ^ See also http://web.archive.org/web/20091027094953/http://geocities.com/mindef123/Army.html, and Huxley, Defending the Lion City, 2000, p.123-6
- ^ "The Leopard 2A4 Main Battle Tank: More Bite and Firepower for Our Armour". Retrieved 1 March 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z "SIPRI arms transfer database". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Information generated in 17 June 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ), page 296. This covers the numbers, not the gun replacement and new codename.
- ^ "105mm LG1 MkII - Contracts, Orders & Sales". Deagel.Com. 1 August 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
- ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
- )
- ^ ISBN 9780004709796.
- Bibliography
- Tim, Huxley. Defending the Lion City: the Armed Forces of Singapore. Publisher: Allen & Unwin Pty LTD, 2000. ISBN 1-86508-118-3.