User:Heepath

I'm a student at UCSB. I created this user to write Wikipedia articles for my Writing 2E class with Dr. Stansell.

Reference List

Andrén, Anders. 2005. ["Behind Heathendom: Archaeological Studies of Old Norse Religion."] Scottish Archaeological Journal 27, no. 2: 105-138. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed January 19, 2010).

Stylegar, Frans-Arne, and Oliver Grimm. 2005. ["Boathouses in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic."] International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 34, no. 2: 253-268. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed January 19, 2010).

Buckland, Paul C., Kevin J. Edwards, Eva Panagiotakopulu, and J. Edward Schofield. 2009. ["Palaeoecological and historical evidence for manuring and irrigation at Garðar (Igaliku), Norse Eastern Settlement, Greenland."] Holocene 19, no. 1: 105-116. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed January 19, 2010).

McGovern, Thomas H. 1990. ["THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE NORSE NORTH ATLANTIC."] Annual Review of Anthropology 19, 331-351. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed January 19, 2010).

Paraphrase of "Sleep and the Brain"

While awake, the brain creates waves which cycles ten to twenty times per second. While asleep, the brean slows to seven or less cylcles per second depending on the stage of sleep.

Source

How Stuff Works

Norse Architecture

Norse Architecture was a way buildings were designed in Scandinavia before and during medieval times. The major aspects of Norse Architecture are boating houses, religious buildings (before and after Christians arrived in the area), and general buildings (both in cities and outside of them).

Boating Houses ^[1]

Boathouses are the buildings used to hold Viking Ships during the winter and any time they could not sail. They were usually built slightly back from the waterline. They were dug into the ground as well as built up. They had to be extremely long because the Viking Ships could 75 feet long or longer. The walls were made of wood with stones piled up at the base. Each held one ship only, but many boathouses could be built next to each other if multiple ships had to be housed.

Religious Buildings

Ritual Houses ^[2]

Ritual Houses were the religious buildings before Christians came to Scandinavia. Early ritual houses were simple wooden buildings not much different from other buildings. Ritual houses were a place to display the weapons of defeated enemies. But as time went on, they got more complex. They became imitations of churches. They often had multi - layer roofs with decorations on the peaks. The entrances were also ornamented with decorated columns. Most rituals (slaughtered and burnt animal sacrifices) took place outside, so the majority of the decorations were on the outside.

Stave Churches ^[3]

Stave churches used for Christian gatherings in the Norse region because many Norse had been converted. The roofs were often multi-layered, and they usually had a tower or spire in the middle of the highest layer of the roof. They were built of wood, and had stone walls around the base. From the outside, they look like more complex forms of the Ritual Houses. Bit the inside was highly decorated with intricate designs. Most of these designs depict Jesus, a cross, or the disciples.

General buildings

Countryside ^[4]

These buildings were built of wood, usually logs similar to “linkin - logs" or log - cabin style. The Roofs were covered in dirt to keep the heat inside the house, and grass was planted in the dirt on the roof to keep it from eroding away. These buildings were for farming the rough steep fjords. The buildings for farms were split in to two parts, Innhus and Uthus. The Innhus was for food storage, sleeping and living. The Uthus were the buildings for animals, tools and animal fodder (animal food), in other words,the Uthus were the barns and silos.

Oslo ^[5]

Until 1624, Oslo was like any other Norse town (many wooden buildings together used for varying purposes) , but in 1624, a fire burned down all of Oslo. Because of the fires, the King Christian IV moved Oslo west and ordered that all buildings in the city be built of stone or brick to prevent fires. Also to prevent fires, the streets were wide and met at right angles. After a time, the King allowed the people to “build half-timbered structures," which has the timber frame visible on both the inside and the ouitside of the building.

References

Category:Norse history and culture