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Thelenota anax

Thelenota anax
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Echinodermata
Class:	Holothuroidea
Order:	Synallactida
Family:	Stichopodidae
Genus:	Thelenota Brandt, 1835
Species:	T. anax
Binomial name
Thelenota anax Clark, 1921

Thelenota anax, is a species of sea cucumber mostly found in the South-Pacific. It is also commonly known as the Amber fish (1).

Description

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Habitat

Medicinal Properties

Many Asian and Middle Eastern countries have consumed T.anax for its medicinal benefits. The T.anax produces many different bioactive compounds such as arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. These compounds are known to reduce the risk of coronary disease, some cancers, and have anti-inflammatory properties (1). Specifically arachidonic acid promotes blood clotting and wound healing (2). This is why many Asian countries use T.anax to treat burns and cuts ^[1].

Studies have also shown that T.anax produces glycosides Stichopside C (STC) and Stichoposide D (STD) (3). STC makes Ceramide, which is a tumor suppressor lipid. STC causes the apoptosis of colorectal caner cells and leukemia cells. STD causes the apoptosis of only leukemia cells and inhibits its growth (4).

References

1. Bordbar, Sara; Anwar, Farooq; Saari, Nazamid (2011-10-10). "High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review". Marine Drugs. 9 (10): 1761–1805.
   PMID
    22072996
2. Jais, A. M.; McCulloch, R.; Croft, K. (2002). "Fatty acid and amino acid composition in haruan as a potential role in wound healing". General Pharmacology. 25 (5): 947–950.
   PMID
    7835642
3. Muhammad Abdul, M. M., Shin, H. J., Rahman, M. A., & Islam, M. T. (2017). Sea cucumber glycosides: Chemical structures, producing species and important biological properties. Marine Drugs, 15(10), 317. doi:http://dx.doi.org.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/10.3390/md15100317
4. Yun, S., Shin, S., Stonik, V. A., & Park, J. (2016). Ceramide as a target of marine triterpene glycosides for treatment of human myeloid leukemia. Marine Drugs, 14(11), 205. doi:http://dx.doi.org.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/10.3390/md14110205