User:Kasaalan/sandbox/kyoto

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Main article: Kyoto Protocol § Criticism

Although a worldwide signed treaty Kyoto Protocol has also been criticized.

Criticism of Kyoto Protocol

See also:
Carbon trade § Criticism

Some argue the protocol does not go far enough to curb greenhouse emissions[1] (Niue, The Cook Islands, and Nauru added notes to this effect when signing the protocol).[2]

Some environmental economists have been critical of the Kyoto Protocol.[3][4][5] Many see the costs of the Kyoto Protocol as outweighing the benefits, some believing the standards which Kyoto sets to be too optimistic, others seeing a highly inequitable and inefficient agreement which would do little to curb greenhouse gas emissions.[6] Finally, some economists such as Gwyn Prins and Steve Rayner think that an entirely different approach needs to be followed than the approach suggested by the Kyoto Protocol.[7]

Further, there is controversy surrounding the use of 1990 as a base year[

communist regimes fell. On the other hand, Japan, as a big importer of natural resources, had to improve its efficiency after the 1973 oil crisis
and its emissions level in 1990 was better than most developed countries. However, such efforts were set aside, and the inactivity of the former Soviet Union was overlooked and could even generate big income due to the emission trade. There is an argument that the use of per capita emissions as a basis in the following Kyoto-type treaties can reduce the sense of inequality among developed and developing countries alike, as it can reveal inactivities and responsibilities among countries.

James Hansen's criticism

developing countries. They do that in the form of offsets and adaptation funds.” Hansen prefers a progressive “carbon tax”, not the Kyoto Protocol “cap and trade” system; this tax would begin at the equivalent of about $1 per gallon of petrol and revenues would all be returned directly to the public as a dividend. [8]

"So, for example, in the Kyoto Protocol, that was very ineffective. Even the countries that took on supposedly the strongest requirements, like Japan for example—if you look at its actual emissions, its actual fossil fuel use, you see that their CO2 emissions actually increased even though they were supposed to decrease. Because their coal use increased and they used offsets to meet their objective. Offsets don’t help significantly. That’s why the approach that Copenhagen is using to specify goals for emission reductions and then to allow offsets to accomplish much of that reduction is really a fake. And that has to be exposed. Otherwise, just like in the Kyoto Protocol, we’ll realize 10 years later, oops, it really didn’t do much." Ref: Nell Greenberg. Interview with James Hansen. [9]

Hansen has stirred international interest (see for example Nature Reports Climate Change[10]) on an alternative to the "cap and trade" system in a recent book and an open letter to President Obama. Hansen argues for a progressive “carbon tax”. This tax would be placed at source on the oil, coal and gas industries and begin at the equivalent of about $1 per gallon of petrol; revenues would all be returned directly to members of the public as a dividend proportional to their carbon footprint. [11] [12]

Green organisations criticism

Rising Tide North America claims: "Emission limits do not include emissions by international aviation and shipping, but are in addition to the industrial gases, chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, which are dealt with under the 1987

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
. The benchmark 1990 emission levels were accepted by the Conference of the Parties of UNFCCC (decision 2/CP.3)"

References

  1. ^ Ekardt/von Hövel, Carbon & Climate Law Review 2009, p. 102-114
  2. ^ "Kyoto protocol status(pdf)" (PDF). UNFCCC. Retrieved 2006-11-07.
  3. ^ Mendelsohn, Robert O. (2005-02-18). "An Economist's View of the Kyoto Climate Treaty". NPR. Retrieved 2006-11-07.
  4. Wall Street Journal
    . Retrieved 2006-11-07.
  5. ^ Nature. "Gwyn Prins and Steve Rayner calling for radical rethink of Kyoto-protocol approach". Nature.com. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
  6. ^ "The Impact of the Kyoto Protocol on U.S. Economic Growth and Projected Budget Surpluses". Retrieved 2005-11-15.
  7. ^ "Radical rethinking of approach needed says Steve Rayner and Gwyn Prins". Lse.ac.uk. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
  8. Times Online
    December 3, 2009
  9. ^ http://www.grist.org/article/2009-09-28-james-hansen-on-obama-climate-legislation-and-coal/ Grist 28 Sept 2009
  10. ^ Keith Kloor. The Eye of the Storm. Nature Reports Climate Change 26 Nov 2009 http://www.nature.com/climate/2009/0912/full/climate.2009.124.html accessed 11 Dec 2009.
  11. ^ Ref: James Hansen. Letter to Obama http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/20081229_DearMichelleAndBarack.pdf accessed 10 Dec 2009.
  12. ^ Ref: James Hansen. Tell Barack Obama the Truth. http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/20081229_Obama_revised.pdf accessed 1o Dec 2009.

Notes

External links

James Hansen

Hansen quotes over climate change at British scientific journal Nature (journal)

Rising Tide

THE CASE AGAINST KYOTO

freedomion forums quotes from other sources
The case against carbon trading[10] by Rising Tide Environmentalist Activism Group IMPORTANT SOURCE
Reports by Rising Tide
Fact Sheets by Rising Tide
Other Resources by Rising Tide
Quotes by Rising Tide
Carbon Sinks Workshop with Rising Tide by Jutta from Fern
Democracy or Carbocracy? Intellectual Corruption and the Future of the Climate Debate by Larry Lohmann first published October 2001 Corner House Briefing 24 summary PDF see also Emissions trading and Freeman Dyson
The Sky is Not the Limit The Emerging Market in Greenhouse Gases Carbon Trade Watch, TNI Briefing 1, January 2003 English PDF English PDF text-only
Top 10 'Global-Warming' Myths
Life After Kyoto: Alternative Approaches to Global Warming Policies by William D. Nordhaus Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale University
Greenhouse-gas footprints and environmental activism by Mark Kleiman samefacts.org


Kyoto is not as it is advertised, mainly made up for establishing Carbon Stock Market worth billions of dollars

freedomion forums quotes from other sources
The case against carbon trading[11] by Rising Tide Environmentalist Activism Group IMPORTANT SOURCE
Reports by Rising Tide
Fact Sheets by Rising Tide
Other Resources by Rising Tide
Quotes by Rising Tide
Carbon Sinks Workshopby Jutta from Fern
Democracy or Carbocracy? Intellectual Corruption and the Future of the Climate Debate by Larry Lohmann first published October 2001 summary PDF
The Sky is Not the Limit The Emerging Market in Greenhouse Gases Carbon Trade Watch, TNI Briefing 1, January 2003 English PDF English PDF text-only
Top 10 'Global-Warming' Myths
Life After Kyoto: Alternative Approaches to Global Warming Policies by William D. Nordhaus Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale University
Greenhouse-gas footprints and environmental activism by Mark Kleiman samefacts.org
Reports by Rising Tide
Fact Sheets by Rising Tide
Other Resources by Rising Tide
Quotes by Rising Tide


Rising Tide

Rising Tide Kyoto Protocol


Academic Sources Quoting From Rising Tide

Kyoto

Rising Tide Branches

kyoto non rising tide

mixed

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