Vaybertaytsh

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Vaybertaytsh (

Yiddish alphabet. From the 16th until the early 19th century, the mashket font distinguished Yiddish publications, whereas Hebrew square script were used for classical texts in Hebrew and Aramaic, and "Rashi" script for rabbinic commentaries and works in Ladino.[4]

Mashket was used for printing Yiddish in the Old Yiddish literature period, and later as the primary script used in texts for and by Jewish women, ranging from folktales to women's supplications and prayers, to didactic works.[5]

Description

Writing in vaybertaytsh from the first page of the Konstanzer Chumash, the first Yiddish translation of the Chumash (c. 1544)

Unlike Yiddish block or square print (the script used in modern Hebrew, with the addition of special characters and diacritics), vaybertaytsh is a semi-cursive script, akin to the "Rashi" script. Vaybertaytsh may be handwritten or typed.

History

Mashket originated as a typeface imitating the Ashkenazic semi-cursive used for both Hebrew and Yiddish. The earliest extant printed book in which Yiddish constituted a major segment, The Second Chariot (Hebrew: מרכבת המשנה) (1534), attributed to Rabbi Anshel ben Eliakim ha-Levi Tsion, was written in mashket.

Soncino family.[2][6]

The typeface later became associated with devotional women's literature.[

Haftarah portions, and the Megillot. It dates to at least 1622 and has been published in block print and vaybertaytsh.[8] Similarly, tkhines were supplicatory prayers written in Yiddish (usually for women) rather than in Hebrew and Aramaic, in contrast to the normative Jewish liturgy. They proliferated in the 16th and 17th centuries, and continued to be written and published, usually in vaybertaytsh, into the early- to mid-20th century.[9]

Square print began to replace vaybertaytsh in Yiddish books in the 1830s.[10] By the late 19th century, nearly all books in Yiddish were printed in square letters.[11][12]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Also known as Yiddish Type, mesheit (מעשייט), vaybershrift (װײַבערשריפֿט, lit. 'women's writing'), vayberksav (װײַבערכתב), tkhine ksav (תּחינה כתב), and tsene-urene ksav (צאנה־וראינה כתב).[1][2][3]

References

  1. ^ Katz, Dovid. "Language: Yiddish". YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  2. ^
    JSTOR 23507628
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0-521-77215-0
    .
  4. ISBN 978-0-230-55070-4
    .
  5. ISBN 978-0-19-878502-6
    .
  6. ISBN 978-0-295-74149-9
    . Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  7. ^ Hyman, Paula E. (9 August 2010). "Gender". YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  8. ^ Turniansky, Chava. "Ze'enah U-Re'enah". Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  9. ^ Weissler, Chava. "Tkhines". YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  10. OCLC 60163772
    .
  11. ISBN 90-429-1784-9
    .
  12. JSTOR j.ctt809r8
    .
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