Verruciform xanthoma
| Verruciform xanthoma | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Dermatology |
Verruciform xanthoma is an uncommon
Signs and symptoms
The most common location by far is the
masticatory oral mucosa,[8] these occur more frequently in the fifth decade of life, and have good prognosis, the treatment of choice for oral VXs is surgical excision, and recurrence is rare.[9]
The condition can affect other organs of body, such as the penis,[10] vulva,[1][11][12] and can occur in anal region,[13] nose,[14][15] the ear,[16] lower extremity,[17] scrotum.[6][18]
Cause
Verruciform xanthoma is most likely not a
human papillomavirus associated lesion and the foam cells in the lesions are most likely derived from the monocyte—macrophage lineage.[19]
More research is needed to determine the cause.
Diagnosis
Histology
A distinguishing feature of verruciform xanthoma is the presence of large numbers of
epidermis. There is a neutrophilic infiltrate of varying intensity between plump parakeratotic cells and keratinocytes, near the surface of the epidermis.[4] The xanthoma cells contain periodic acid Schiff positive, diastase resistant granules. The foam cells are monocyte-macrophage lineage with positive immunohistochemical markers for CD68 (KP1)[20] and cathepsin B.[21]
Differential diagnosis
erythroplasia of Queyrat, and verrucous carcinoma[11]
Treatment
Surgical excision is the treatment of choice.[22]
Epidemiology
Verruciform xanthoma is uncommon, with a female:male ratio of 1:1.1[8]
See also
- Normolipoproteinemic xanthomatosis
- List of cutaneous conditions
References
- ^ PMID 9793968.
- ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
- ^ Shafer WG. Verruciform xanthoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971;31(6):784-789
- ^ PMID 9537477.
- PMID 7702268.
- ^ S2CID 6362649.
- PMID 6468717.
- ^ PMID 12676251.
- PMID 17339158.
- PMID 9412234.
- ^ PMID 14668556.
- PMID 2807284.
- PMID 7386619.
- PMID 10341929.
- PMID 3072323.
- PMID 1329573.
- PMID 3312319.
- S2CID 5575656.
- PMID 16155700. Archived from the originalon 2016-09-19.
- ^ Mostafa KA, Takata T, Ogawa I, Ijuhin N, Nikai H. Verruciform xanthoma of oral mucosa: A clinicopathological study with immunohistochemical findings relating to pathogenesis. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1993;423:243–8.
- ^ Rawal SY, Kalmar JR, Tatakis DN. Verruciform xanthoma: Immunohistochemical characterization of xanthoma cell phenotype. J Periodontol. 2001;78:504–9.
- PMID 10640929.