Video Coding Experts Group

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Video Coding Experts Group
AbbreviationVCEG
PredecessorSpecialists Group on Coding for Visual Telephony
Formation1984
TypeStandards organization
PurposeCoding of video, images, audio, biomedical waveforms, and other signals
Region served
Worldwide
Rapporteur
Gary Sullivan
Associate Rapporteur
Thomas Wiegand
Associate Rapporteur
Yan Ye
Parent organization
ITU-T Study Group 16
Websitewww.itu.int/en/ITU-T/studygroups/2022-2024/16/video/Pages/vceg.aspx

The Video Coding Experts Group or Visual Coding Experts Group (VCEG, also known as Question 6) is a working group of the

ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector
(ITU-T) concerned with standards for compression coding of video, images, audio signals, biomedical waveforms, and other signals. It is responsible for standardization of the "H.26x" line of video coding standards, the "T.8xx" line of image coding standards, and related technologies.

Administratively, VCEG is the informal name of Question 6 (Visual, audio and signal coding) of Working Party 3 (Audiovisual technologies and intelligent immersive applications) of ITU-T Study Group 16 (Multimedia and related digital technologies). Its abbreviated title is ITU-T Q.6/SG16, or more simply, ITU-T Q6/16.

The goal of VCEG is to produce ITU-T Recommendations (

NGN
, etc.).

In 2023, VCEG began working toward standardization of coding technology for biomedical signals and other waveform signals.

Question 6 is part of Study Group 16, which is responsible for standards relating to multimedia service capabilities, and application capabilities (including those supported for next-generation networking). This encompasses multimedia terminals, systems (e.g., network signal processing equipment, multipoint conference units, gateways, gatekeepers, modems, and facsimile), protocols and signal processing (media coding).

History

VCEG was preceded in the

MPEG for the MPEG-2 set of standards.[1]

The first digital

video coding standard was H.120, created by the CCITT (now ITU-T) in 1984.[2] H.120 was not usable in practice, as its performance was too poor.[2] H.120 was based on differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM), which had relatively inefficient compression. During the late 1980s, a number of companies began experimenting with the much more efficient motion-compensated block transform hybrid compression model for video coding.[3]

In 1994, Richard Shaphorst (Delta Information Systems) took over new video coding development in ITU-T with the launch of the project for developing

MPEG in 2001, completing the first version of the standard in 2003. (In MPEG, the H.264 standard is known as MPEG-4 part 10.) After 2003, VCEG and the JVT developed several substantial extensions of H.264, produced H.271,[4]
and conducted exploration work toward the creation of a future new standard with better compression capability. Wiegand has remained an associated rapporteur of VCEG since that time.

In July 2006, the video coding work of the

CCITT and ITU-T in their 50-year history.[5] The image coding work that is now in the domain of VCEG was also highly ranked in the voting, placing third overall.[6]

In January 2010, the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) was created as a group of video coding experts from ITU-T Study Group 16 (VCEG) and

MPEG) to develop a new generation video coding standard now known as High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC, H.265, ISO/IEC 23008-2 and MPEG-H Part 2).[7]

In July 2014, Jill Boyce (then of Vidyo, later Intel) was appointed as an additional associated rapporteur for VCEG. Boyce remained in that role for seven years, stepping down as associated rapporteur in June 2021.

In May 2015 the ITU celebrated its 150-year anniversary, and the work of VCEG was one of the five areas of standardization to be recognized by an "ITU 150 Award" as one of the most influential topics of ITU work.[8]

VCEG and MPEG created another partnership called the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) in October 2015, later renaming it as the Joint Video Experts Team, which developed the Versatile Video Coding (VVC, H.266, ISO/IEC 23090-3 and MPEG-I Part 3) standard, completing the first version of the standard in July 2020.

In January 2022, Yan Ye (of Alibaba) was appointed as an associate rapporteur for VCEG.

In 2023, VCEG began considering standardization of coding technology for biomedical and other waveform signals in collaboration with DICOM Working Group 32 (Neurophysiology data).[9]

Video coding standards

The organization now known as VCEG has standardized (and is responsible for the maintenance of) the following video compression formats:

  • DPCM), variable-length coding and a switch for quincunx sampling. v2 (1988) added motion compensation
    and background prediction. This standard was little-used and no operational codecs exist that use it.
  • H.261: was the first practical digital video coding standard (late 1990). This design was a pioneering effort, based on motion-compensated discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding. All subsequent international video coding standards have been based closely on its design. MPEG-1 Part 2 was heavily influenced by this.
  • MPEG-2 Part 2
    standard (ISO/IEC 13818-2). This standard was developed in a joint partnership between VCEG and MPEG, and thus it became published as a standard of both organizations. ITU-T Recommendation H.262 and ISO/IEC 13818-2 were developed and published as "common text" international standards. As a result, the two documents are completely identical in all aspects.
  • H.263: was developed as an evolutionary improvement based on experience from H.261, and the MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 standards. Its first version was completed in 1995 and provided a suitable replacement for H.261 at all bitrates. MPEG-4 Part 2 is substantially similar to this.
  • H.263v2: also known as H.263+ or as the 1998 version of H.263, is the informal name of the second edition of the H.263 international video coding standard. It retains the entire technical content of the original version of the standard, but enhances H.263 capabilities by adding several annexes which substantially improve encoding efficiency and provide other capabilities (such as enhanced robustness against data loss in the transmission channel). The H.263+ project was completed in late 1997 or early 1998, and was then followed by an "H.263++" project that added a few more enhancements in late 2000.
  • FPGAs
    , etc.).
  • H.265: High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), also known as ISO/IEC 23008-2 and MPEG-H Part 2, was completed in January 2013 for its first edition.[10][11][12] HEVC has approximately twice the compression capability of its H.264/MPEG-4 AVC predecessor and was similarly developed with MPEG in a joint team known as the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC).
    • H.265.1: Conformance testing for H.265
    • H.265.2: Reference software for H.265
  • H.266: Versatile Video Coding (VVC), also known as ISO/IEC 23090-3 and MPEG-I Part 3, is a video compression standard finalized on 6 July 2020, by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET), a joint video expert team of the VCEG working group of ITU-T Study Group 16 and the MPEG working group of ISO/IEC JTC 1. It is the successor to High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC, also known as ITU-T H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2).
    • H.266.1: Conformance testing for H.266
    • H.266.2: Reference software for H.266

Image coding standards

Starting in late 2006, VCEG has also been responsible for the ITU-T work on still image coding standards including the following:

  • JPEG (ITU-T T.80, T.81, T.83, T.84, T.86, T.871, T.872 and T.873) and the JPEG-like ITU-T T.851
  • JBIG-1 (ITU-T T.80, T.82 and T.85)
  • JBIG-2 (ITU-T T.88 and T.89)
  • JPEG-LS
    (ITU-T T.87 and T.870)
  • JPEG 2000 (ITU-T T.800 through T.815)
  • JPEG XR (ITU-T T.832, T.833, T.834, T.835, and T.Sup2)
  • MRC (ITU-T T.44)

VCEG works on most of these image coding standards jointly with ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 (the

Joint Bi-level Image experts Group
).

Other related standards

  • H.271: Video back channel messages for conveyance of status information and requests from a video receiver to a video sender
  • H.272: Procedures and values for video gamma compensation in multimedia system
  • H.273
    : Coding-independent code points (CICP) for video signal type identification, also ISO/IEC 23091-2
  • H.274: Versatile supplemental enhancement information (VSEI) messages for coded video bitstreams, also ISO/IEC 23002-7

See also

References

  1. ITU
    . Retrieved 2017-01-27.
  2. ^ a b "The History of Video File Formats Infographic". RealNetworks. 22 April 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  3. ISBN 9780852967102
    .
  4. ^ Recommendation ITU-T H.271
  5. ^ ITU (2006-10-02). "Video Coding Work Voted Most Influential". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2015-06-18.
  6. ^ ITU (2006-07-20). "Fifty Years of Excellence in Telecommunication/ICT Standards". Retrieved 2015-06-18.
  7. ^ ITU-T. "Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding - JCT-VC". Retrieved 2010-03-07.
  8. ^ ITU (2015-05-17). "17 May: ITU's 150th Anniversary Celebrations". Retrieved 2015-03-07.
  9. ^ Pfaff, Jonathan; Halford, Jonathan (20 October 2023). "Call for evidence on the coding of biomedical waveform data" (PDF). ITU. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  10. ^ "New video codec to ease pressure on global networks". ITU. 2013-01-25. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  11. ^ Todd Spangler (2013-01-25). "ITU OKs Next-Generation Video Codec Standard". Multichannel News. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  12. ^ "ITU-T Work Programme". ITU. Retrieved 2013-01-27.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Video_Coding_Experts_Group&oldid=1221108154"