Volkslied

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Volkslied (literally:

folk song) is a genre of popular songs in German which are traditionally sung. While many of them were first passed orally, several collections were published from the late 18th century. Later, some popular songs were also included in this classification.[1]

History

The earliest songs in German appeared in the 12th century. Art songs were created by minstrels and meistersinger while cantastoria (Bänkelsänger) sang songs in public that were orally transmitted. Song collections were written from the late 15th century, such as Lochamer-Liederbuch and Glogauer Liederbuch. Georg Forster's Frische teutsche Liedlein was first printed in 1536.

In the period of Sturm und Drang, poets and authors became interested in that which they saw as simple, close to nature, original, and unspoiled (nach dem Einfachen, Naturnahen, Ursprünglichen und Unverfälschten). Johann Gottfried Herder coined the term 'Volkslied' in the late 18th century, and published Von deutscher Art und Kunst (On German ways and artistry) in 1771. In 1778/79, a collection Volkslieder was published, promoted by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, which mentioned neither an editor nor authors, in an attempt to suggest the songs as an expression of the soul of the people (Äußerungen der Volksseele). Friedrich Silcher (1789–1860) composed a great number of Lieder, many of which became Volkslieder, and he edited collections of Volkslieder.

In the middle of the 18th century, the Berliner Liederschule promoted songs with simple melodies im Volkston (i.e. in the Volkslied style). Songs written following the concept include "

O Täler weit, o Höhen
".

In the early 20th century, the repertoire was broadened by workers' songs and students' songs. In 1914, John Meier founded the Deutsches Volksliedarchiv, a research and archive of Volkslied. The Wandervogel movement turned to singing while wandering, with the collection Der Zupfgeigenhansl [de] published in 1909, and reprinted until 1933.

Collections

Volkslieder

Further information: List of Volkslieder (in German)

References

  1. ^ Johannes Moser: Ansätze zu einer neueren Volksliedforschung (PDF; 1,0 MB), 1989, p. 69.
  2. ^ Deutsche Weisen: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project

Further reading

  • Rolf Wilhelm Brednich, Lutz Röhrich, Wolfgang Suppan: Handbuch des Volksliedes. München 1973/1975
  • Werner Danckert: Das Volkslied im Abendland. Francke, Bern 1966
  • Werner Danckert: Das europäische Volkslied. Bouvier, Bonn 1970.
  • Werner Danckert: Symbol, Metapher, Allegorie im Lied der Völker. 4 Teile. Verlag für systematische Musikwissenschaft, Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1976–1978.
  • Ernst Klusen: Volkslied. Fund und Erfindung. Gerig, Köln 1969.
  • Ernst Klusen: Zur Situation des Singens in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Gerig, Köln 1974/1975.
  • Joseph Müller-Blattau: Das deutsche Volkslied. Hesse, Berlin 1932.
  • Wolfgang Suppan: Volkslied – Seine Sammlung und Erforschung. Metzler, Stuttgart 1978.
  • Wolfgang Suppan (et al.): Volksgesang, Volksmusik, Volkstanz. In: MGG 1
  • Monika Tibbe, Manfred Bonson: Folk, Folklore, Volkslied: Zur Situation in- und ausländischer Volksmusik in der Bundesrepublik. Stuttgart, 1981.

External links

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