Volksschule
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The
In Germany and Switzerland it is equivalent to a combined primary (Grundschule and Primarschule, respectively) and lower secondary education (Hauptschule or Sekundarschule), usually comprising mandatory attendance of nine years. In Austria, Volksschule only refers to primary school lasting four years. In Denmark and Norway, they were referred to as folkeskole[1][2] and in Sweden as folkskola;[3] the Finnish term kansakoulu[4] is a direct translation. These Nordic schools covered the first years of primary education, from the ages of 7 to 11 or 12.
History
In medieval times, church schools were established in the
Similar Volksschulen were established in the Electorate of Saxony and in the German-speaking parts of the Habsburg monarchy, backed by Johann Ignaz von Felbiger, through a system of state-supported primary one-room schools. Attendance was supposedly compulsory, but a 1781 census reveals that only one fourth of school-age children attended. At the time, this was one of the few examples of state-supported schooling. Sending one's children to school was binding by law only from 1840 in the Austrian Empire.
Sources
- Spielvogel, Jackson J., 1999–2000, Western Civilization: Comprehensive Volume (4th Edition), ISBN 0-534-56835-1
Further reading
- Gösta Edvin Cavonius (1978), Från läroplikt till grundskola : finlandssvensk folkskola under ett halvsekel : 1921-1972 / Gösta Cavonius., Wikidata Q113528529
- Gösta Edvin Cavonius (1988), Den svenskspråkiga folkskollärarutbildningen i Finland 1871-1974 : seminariernas tillkomst, utveckling och inre liv : historik / Gösta Cavonius., Wikidata Q113529896
References
- ^ "Ordbog over det danske Sprog". ordnet.dk.
- ^ "Det Norske Akademis ordbok". naob.no.
- ^ "Svenska Akademiens ordbok".
- ^ "Suomisanakirja". www.suomisanakirja.fi.