Waterways Experiment Station
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Waterways Experiment Station | |
US Army Corps of Engineers | |
Architectural style | WES |
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NRHP reference No. | 00001511[1] |
Added to NRHP | December 13, 2000 |
The Waterways Experiment Station (WES) in Vicksburg, Mississippi, is a United States Army Corps of Engineers research campus. The 673-acre (272 ha) campus hosts the headquarters of the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) and four of its seven laboratories. Congress authorized the research complex in 1929 to develop flood control methods on the Mississippi River, as part of the Mississippi River and Tributaries Project. Subsequent research delved into topics, including coastal engineering, dredging, weapons effects, and geotechnical engineering.[2]
The facility was listed on the U.S.
History
The modern interest in scale modeling to study hydraulic engineering may be traced back to a demonstration model of flow over a weir in a glass-sided flume at the
The
WES's role as the first federal hydraulics research facility was to help the Mississippi River Commission develop and implement a flood control plan for the lower Mississippi Valley. The first river model, a model of the Illinois River built in the summer of 1930 to establish the backwater limit of the Mississippi, was dug in natural soil with a grapefruit knife.[3]
Historical organizational structure
In 1968, hydraulic studies at WES were divided into five divisions:[4]
- Waterways, specializing in fluvial hydraulics using fixed-bed and movable-bed models
- Estuaries, specializing in tidal hydraulics using fixed-bed models
- Structures, specializing in dam appurtenances using scale models
- Water Waves, specializing in surface wave action using fixed-bed harbor models and testing flumes
- Hydraulic Analysis, specializing in the development and dissemination of hydraulic design data and procedures
Mississippi Basin Model
The Mississippi Basin Model was the largest single project undertaken by WES. It was initiated by then-Chief of Engineers Eugene Reybold in 1943. Construction took place from 1947 through 1966, and its scope included most of the Mississippi River and its tributaries (excluding the upper reach and the lower reach below Baton Rouge). The partially-completed model was used to create flood control strategies during the April 1952 flood on the Missouri River.[4]
Current mission
Today there are over 1,200 employees,[.
Research is carried out on WES in four separate, but closely interrelated[further explanation needed] laboratories: Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, Environmental Laboratory, and Information Technology Laboratory.
The history of engineering is the story of men and women in their attempts to understand, control, and accommodate their environment. In 1929 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers established a small hydraulics laboratory in Vicksburg, Mississippi, in recognition of the increasingly vital role of scientific investigation in a laboratory setting as a necessary adjunct to the age-old practice of actual hands-on observation. Discoveries emanating from the laboratory, designated as the Waterways Experiment Station, paid immediate dividends and sparked a new confidence among the nation’s engineering community to make bold advancements and challenge or affirm long-standing doctrines. This initial success broadened the Waterways Experiment Station’s activities from mere hydraulic experiments for the Mississippi River to a Corps of Engineers-wide mission encompassing diverse fields of research.[5][6]
References
- ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
- ^ "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station". American Society of Civil Engineers. 2022. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
- ^ a b c d Vogel, Herbert D. (March–April 1961). "Origin of the Waterways Experiment Station". The Military Engineer. 53 (352): 132–135. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
- ^ a b Tiffany, Joseph B. (1968). "Appendix V: Hydraulics Division". History of the Waterways Experiment Station. United States Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
- ^ Fatherree, Ben H. (2004). The First 75 Years: History of Hydraulics Engineering at the Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, Mississippi: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
- ^ First 75 Years full document (but section links not functioning 5/2011)
External links
- Website for US Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center
- Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. MS-2, "Waterways Experiment Station, Hydraulics Laboratory, Halls Ferry Road, 2 miles south of I-20, Vicksburg, Warren County, MS", 48 photos, 1 color transparency, 62 data pages, 5 photo caption pages