Weather radio

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terrorist attack
.

They generally broadcast in a pre-allocated

channels
or during weather or other emergencies.

Weather radio receivers

Weather radios are generally sold in two varieties: home (stationary) or portable use. Portable models commonly offer specialized features that make them more useful in case of an emergency. Some models use

batteries, in case of a power outage
.

Sangean DT-400W (10711303835)

Smaller hand-held weather receivers generally do not support the

"Scanner" radios
designed to continuously monitor the VHF-FM public service band are already able to receive weather channels.

hearing impaired
.

Global weather radio services

Wib2bx

Both private and commercial seagoing vessels need accurate weather reports, in order to avoid storms that might damage or capsize the vessel, or make paying passengers uncomfortable. One such service is

Navtex, which is a low-frequency facsimile
radio service.

North American weather radio services

National Weather Radio Frequencies
for U.S., Canada, and Mexico (et al.) # WX8-WX12 frequency order and inclusion varies
Frequency WX [1]

Channel

Marine

Channel

Radio

Preset

162.400 MHz WX2 36B 1
162.425 MHz WX4 96B 2
162.450 MHz WX5 37B 3
162.475 MHz WX3 97B 4
162.500 MHz WX6 38B 5
162.525 MHz WX7 98B 6
162.550 MHz WX1 39B 7
161.650 MHz WX# 21B blank
161.750 MHz WX# 23B blank
161.775 MHz WX# 83B blank
162.000 MHz WX# 28B ASM 2
163.275 MHz WX# 113B blank

The

band, using FM transmitters, and the same seven frequencies (162.400-162.550 MHz) as NOAA Weather Radio (NWR).[2][3] Bermuda only uses 162.550 (land) and 162.400 (marine).[4][5] NWR transmitters operate VHF-FM between 5–1,000 watts. NWR channels operating in the range of 162.3625-162.5875 MHz (WX1-WX7) have a band spacing of 25 kHz and may have bandwidths up to 16 kHz.[6]
The original "weather" frequency was 162.550 MHz, with 163.275 MHz initially recommended as a backup and later dropped due to interference problems with other federal agencies.

NOAA Weather Radio, Weatheradio Canada and SARMEX all refer to the seven stations by their frequencies:
162.400, 162.425, 162.450, 162.475, 162.500, 162.525 and 162.550 MHz.[7][8][2][3]

Other channel designations such as WX1 through WX7 "have no special significance but are often designated this way in consumer equipment" and "other channel numbering schemes are also prevalent/possible" according to NOAA and USCG.[9][1] Ordering channels by when they were established (WX1, WX2…) is "becoming less 'popular' over time than a numerical ordering of channels."[1] Weather radios may list stations in the order of their WX#, or by a "Preset Channel" number 1 through 7 in ascending frequency order.[10][11][12]

The "WX#" format is continued from WX8 up to WX12 on some lists and radios to include 163.275 MHz and or one or more of the Canadian continuous marine broadcast (CMB) frequencies 161.650, 161.750, 161.775, 162.000. Unlike WX1-WX7 typically ordered by frequency adoption by NWS, there is no consistent frequency inclusion nor assignment for WX8-WX12.[13][14][15] Effective January 1, 2019, channels 2027 (161.950 MHz, 27B) and 2028 (162.000 MHz, 28B) are designated as ASM 1 and ASM 2 respectively for application specific messages (ASM) as described in Recommendation ITU-R M.2092.[16] 163.275 MHz was formerly used by the NWS for coordination during power outages[citation needed].

All stations in the United States, Canada, and Bermuda transmit a

Tornado Warning and the Required Monthly Test)[17]
and this is used as both an attention tone and as a way to activate many radios that do not have SAME technology.

FEMA-provided audio file of the SAME alert header, followed by the combined 853 Hz and 960 Hz Warning Alert Tone, followed by the SAME end-of-message (EOM) tone

All U.S. and Canadian stations transmit

Canadian Location Codes (in Canada). The SAME code protocol also includes an end-of-message (EOM) tone which is made up of three short data bursts of the binary 10101011 calibration then "NNNN", which some radios will use to mute the speaker after the alert broadcast has been completed.[18][19]

United States

Main article:
AMBER Alert) sourced from the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) Emergency Alert System
.

Canada

Main article: Weatheradio Canada

In Canada, Weatheradio Canada transmits in both official languages (English and French) from 230 sites across Canada. The Canadian broadcast cycle features the forecast for the forecast region where the transmitter is located, as well as any neighbouring forecast regions there may be. It also includes the current conditions for local cities, towns, airports or military bases and the air quality forecast is the last part of the cycle before it switches to the other language to repeat the cycle in either English or French. Weatheradio Canada does not currently broadcast any non-weather-related events, such as an Amber alert or Fire warning, though these types of events are "for possible future implementation".[17]

Caribbean/Atlantic

Main article: Telecommunications in Bermuda

Bermuda Radio (call-sign ZBR) is a weather

Government of Bermuda
.

Bermuda has only one station dedicated purely for weather, on 162.55 MHz from

Bermuda Maritime Operations Centre), at 162.4 MHz.[21][22]

Mexico

Mexico has since launched its own weather radio system, SARMEX (Sistema De Alerta De Riesgos Mexicano, or Mexican Hazard Warning System) for coverage of its cities,[23] which also implements the Mexican Seismic Warning System. Some Mexican alert radios also support activation by a two-tone alert for another type of risk warning.[24]

European weather radio services

Germany

In Germany, the Deutscher Wetterdienst broadcasts marine weather reports and weather warnings via longwave and shortwave transmissions.[25]

Commercial weather radio services

The weather radio band is part of the

Environment Canada are protected under crown copyright but it is possible to obtain a license to redistribute their weather information [26]

Westwood One's NBC Radio Network
) both operate large national weather radio networks through standard AM and FM stations. Brookstone licensed Accuweather's data service for their popular 5 Day Wireless Weather Watcher Cast Forecaster.

Microsoft's MSN Direct was a popular data service that included weather forecasting sent over US FM radio signals from 2004 to 2012. It was used by Microsoft Spot watches and Oregon Scientific clocks.[27]

See also

External links

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to NOAA weather radio.
  1. ^ a b c "Home | Navigation Center". www.navcen.uscg.gov. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Weatheradio: find your network - Canada.ca". 28 January 2010.
  3. ^ a b "Centro de Instrumentación y Registro Sísmico, A. C., CIRES - MÉXICO". Archived from the original on 2012-03-24.
  4. ^ "Broadcast schedule" (PDF). rccbermuda.bm. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  5. ^ "Radio stations in Hamilton". worldradiomap.com. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  6. ^ "4.3.7 Channeling Plan for Assignments in the Band 162-174 MHz, CONDITIONS AND LIMITATIONS 2. Wideband Operations" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-01-15.
  7. ^ "All Hazards NOAA Weather Radio: The Voice of NOAA's National Weather Service" (PDF). U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service. January 2020. Retrieved 2020-01-15.
  8. ^ "NOAA Weather Radio". U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service. January 16, 2020. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
  9. ^ US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Dissemination of Marine Weather by the NWS". www.weather.gov. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  10. ^ "All Hazards NOAA Weather Radio, Page 11" (PDF). Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  11. ^ US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "NOAA All-Hazards Weather Radio Help". www.weather.gov. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  12. ^ "Midland X-Tra Talk GXT1000//1050 Series GMRS/FRS Radio Owner's Manual, Page 21" (PDF). Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  13. ^ "Motorola Two-Way Radio User's Guide, Model SX700 series, "WX8-WX12" (C) 2005" (PDF). MotorolaSolutions.com. Retrieved 2020-01-15.
  14. ^ Leimer, Andy (May 2005). "Part 80 VHF Transceivers and Marine Radars, Andy Leimer, Equipment Authorization Branch Equipment, Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering and Technology Laboratory Division, page 10 "WX 10 163.725"" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
  15. ^ "Talkabout Emergency Preparedness Two-Way Radio T480 MN001399A01-AA "WX10 161.750"" (PDF). MotorolaSolutions.com. Motorola. May 26, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
  16. ^ "INTERNATIONAL VHF MARINE RADIO CHANNELS AND FREQUENCIES". Navigation Center, United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 2020-01-15.
  17. ^ a b "Event codes for Specific Area Message Encoding". 10 March 2010.
  18. ^ "EOM". www.reecominc.com. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  19. ^ "Using NWR SAME".
  20. ^ "NOAA Weather Radio".
  21. ^ "Bermuda VHF Marine Radio Frequencies and Their Usage". Archived from the original on 2015-07-03. Retrieved 2013-07-19.
  22. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-07-19. Retrieved 2013-07-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  23. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-17. Retrieved 2015-10-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  24. ^ "Sistema de Alerta de Riesgos Mexicano (Mexican Risk Alert System)". Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  25. ^ "Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Radio broadcast". www.dwd.de. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  26. ^ "Licence Agreement for Use of Environment and Climate Change Canada Data". canada.ca. Government of Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  27. ^ Critic, The Social (3 January 2012). "Blank Weather Forecast On Your Device? Blame MSN Direct". Retrieved 15 July 2023.
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