Welin breech block
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The Welin breech block was a revolutionary stepped,
Design
The
Each step engages with its matching thread cut in the gun breech when inserted and rotated. A gap in the thread steps was still necessary for the insertion of the largest step before rotation, so the area of the breech secured by threads in the block is:
This was a major improvement on previous, non-stepped designs such as the de Bange system. The breech loader [of the] de Bange system uses a single thread step and can only engage half of the block's circumferential threads with the breech, necessitating a long screw to achieve a strong lock. Efficiency is gained with multiple thread step heights on an interrupted screw because the smaller thread steps may be inserted into the breech along the radial vector of any larger step, whereas a single thread step interrupted screw cannot be inserted where any threads of the breech lay in the radial vector as any threads of the screw. Thread lock area is directly related to the munitions strength which may be safely fired, and thus large munitions with single step screw breeches needed unreasonably long breech screws. These in turn required more time and much greater room to extract and move aside to gain access the gun's chamber to clean and reload it. The engagement of threads around much more of the circumference of the Welin block allowed it to be shorter for the same total engagement area and strength, it required less than 90 degree rotation to lock the threads, making operation faster than previous designs and possible in much tighter space.[1] It was also simpler and more secure.
The Welin breech was a single motion screw, allowing it to be operated much faster than previous interrupted-thread breeches,[citation needed] and it became very common on British and American large calibre naval artillery and also field artillery above about 4.5 inches (114 mm).[citation needed]
Though the US Navy was offered the design a year or two after its invention, they declined and the American Bethlehem Steel spent the next five years in trying to circumvent Welin's patent, before having to buy it through Vickers.[citation needed]
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Leftward-opening breech of British12-inch gun on HMAS Australia, 1918. This breech was locked by rotating counter-clockwise
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A female worker cleans the breech threads of a15-inch gun from inside the barrel in the Coventry Ordnance Worksduring WWI
See also
Notes and references
- ^ Brassey's Naval Annual 1899, page 389 http://www.gwpda.org/naval/brassey/b1899o06.htm
External links
- YouTube video showing Welin breech mechanism
- Royal New Zealand Artillery Association, Breech Mechanisms