Westphalian Lowland

Coordinates: 51°57′46″N 7°37′43″E / 51.9629°N 7.6287°E / 51.9629; 7.6287
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
The Westphalian Basin (D34) within the North(west) German Plain

The Westphalian Lowland,

Cologne Bight
. It is variously known in German as the Westfälische Bucht (Westphalian Bay), the Münsterländer or Westfälische Tieflands- or Flachlandsbucht (Münsterland or Westphalian Lowland or Plain).

The Westphalian Lowland consists of the individual regions of

Münsterland, the Emscherland in the (western) south, and regions even further south that flank the Sauerland around the Hellweg
.

The Westphalian Lowland is classified as a major unit group within the natural regions of Germany and is number 54 in the Handbook of the Natural Regional Divisions of Germany (Handbuch der naturräumlichen Gliederung Deutschlands) and region D34 in the BfN system; both using the same boundaries.

Natural region divisions

From a natural region perspective the Westphalian Lowland major unit group is sub-divided into the following three-figure major units:[3][4]

Location

The Westphalian Lowland has the character of a basin because it is bounded by ridges of the Lower Saxon Hills from the northeast to east and by the northern part of the Süder Uplands to the south. These hills rise to heights of several hundred metres above the basin floor.

The boundary of this natural region runs, clockwise from the north, as follows: From

Eggegebirge. From here the boundary runs to the Paderborn Plateau in front of the Egge heading south-southwest via Paderborn and Büren
.

From east of

Mülheim
.

From east of Mülheim its unremarkable boundary with the

Gronau.[5]

Towns and cities

The largest centres of population in the Westphalian Lowland are the cities of the central and eastern

Ruhrgebiet
north of the River Ruhr in the southwest of the region and the cities of Münster in the centre, Gütersloh in the north and Paderborn on the eastern periphery. The city of Bielefeld itself lies outside the region over the other side of the Teutoburg Forest, however parts of the borough lies within the northern part of the basin (Brackwede, Senne, Sennestadt).

The most populous cities in the Westphalian Lowland are (in brackets their population in thousands):

Rivers

The most important river systems are:

  • Münsterland: the (upper) Ems and Lippe
  • Emscherland: the almost entirely underground or canalised Emscher that gives the region its name.
  • Right tributaries of the Möhne and the lower reaches of the Ruhr play a rather small role in the extreme south by the Hellweg.

Meaning

The area is occasionally called in German, the Münsterländische Bucht (Münsterland Bay), because a large part of this low-lying plain lies in central and eastern

Münsterland. It is therefore used pars pro toto
for the whole region.

The use of the term Bucht ("bay" or "bight") stems from the geological origin of the region which is half surrounded by the ridges of the Central Uplands. At one time it formed a bay in the coastline of the Cretaceous Sea the shape of which can be discerned from the topography.

Population

The majority of the population of the Westphalian Lowland live in the area bordering the southern perimeter, in the region of the historic Hellweg east–west trade route through Germany, and especially in the northern Ruhr.

Palaeontology

At various sites in the Westphalian Lowland

giant ammonites have been found in Cretaceous layers of rock below the surface, for example when the underground railway network was being built in Dortmund. These cephalopods, with a shell diameter of more than two metres are the largest known invertebrates
.

See also

References

  1. ^ Dickinson, Robert E. (1964). Germany: A regional and economic geography (2nd ed.). London: Methuen.
  2. ^ Elkins, T.H. (1972). Germany (3rd ed.). London: Chatto & Windus, 1972. ASIN B0011Z9KJA.
  3. ^ E. Meynen and J. Schmithüsen: Handbuch der naturräumlichen Gliederung Deutschlands - Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde, 6th edition, Remagen 1959 (9 editions in 8 books, 1953-1962, updated 1960 1:1,000,000 map with major units)
  4. ^ Bundesamt für Naturschutz: Naturräumliche Haupteinheiten Deutschlands (pdf online, 1.22 MB)
  5. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation
    - Kartendienst „Schutzgebiete“ macht die Grenzen der Haupteinheitengruppe („Naturräume“) und der Haupteinheiten einblendbar, der etwas gröbere Kartendienst „Landschaften“ unterteilt die Naturräume noch etwas feiner.

External links

51°57′46″N 7°37′43″E / 51.9629°N 7.6287°E / 51.9629; 7.6287

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