Wiki software
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Wiki software (also known as a wiki engine or a wiki application) is
There are dozens of actively maintained
History
The first generally recognized "wiki" application, WikiWikiWeb, was created by American computer programmer Ward Cunningham in 1994 and launched on c2.com in 1995.[1] "WikiWikiWeb" was also the name of the wiki that ran on the software, and in the first years of wikis' existence there was no great distinction made between the contents of wikis and the software they ran on, possibly because almost every wiki ran on its own customized software.
Wiki software originated from older
By the time MediaWiki appeared, this convention had been largely abandoned in favor of explicitly marking links in edited source code with double square brackets. Page names thus did not interrupt the flow of English and could follow the standard English capitalization convention. Case insensitivity on the first letter but not subsequent letters supported standard English capitalization conventions and let writers author their pages in ordinary English, with the linking of particular words and phrases afterward. This proved to be the critical change that allowed ordinary authors of English to write wiki pages, and non-technical users to read them. This policy was extended to other natural languages, avoiding the use of unusual-looking text or awkward capitalization that violates the language's own rules.
Over the next 10 years, many more wiki applications were written, in a variety of programming languages. After 2005, there began to be a move toward increasing consolidation and standardization: many less-popular wiki applications were gradually abandoned, and fewer new applications were created. Relatively few of the wiki engines currently in use were created after 2006.
Some
Data compatibility
In general new wiki engines have not followed the data formats (
The most well-known data format arguably is MediaWiki's, and correspondingly has been reimplemented in other wikis:
- WordPress has extensions to display and edit MediaWiki-format pages, and to frame MediaWiki.
- Jamwiki[2] is a MediaWiki clone in Java, that supports MediaWiki-format pages but not extensions.
- Other commercial projects or clones often (or have in the past) follow the MediaWiki format. BlueSpice MediaWikiis the only such software with a free version available.
None of these alternatives support the extensions available under standard MediaWiki, some of which extend or alter its data format.
In 2007 a project named (Wiki)Creole to create a standardized markup language for wikis was completed. As of 2022, the effort has had significant technical success, gaining support through implementation in many engines,[3] but limited social success as it is still relatively unused and unknown, has few cross-markup conversion tools for migrating existing knowledge bases to it and no major engines use it as their native markup syntax.
Types of usage
There are essentially three types of usage for wiki software: public-facing wikis with a potentially large community of readers and editors, private
Public wikis
Public wikis are usually open to the public to read, edit and comment on some or all of the article space of each wiki. Many offer registration to offer further access and controls to each user and a few have, in-part commercialised aspects or further access, such as the popular wiki farm,
MediaWiki is by far the most dominant software as it powers Wikipedia, consistently and by a large margin, the most visited public wiki,[4] it also powers many other public wikis as well.[5] Other wiki engines used regularly for public wikis include MoinMoin and PmWiki, along with many others.[5]
Other Internet websites, based on wiki software, include encyclopedias such as Sensei's Library, Parlia, and WikiTree.
Enterprise wikis
Enterprise wiki software is software intended to be used in a corporate (or organizational) context,[6] especially to enhance internal knowledge sharing. It tends to have a greater emphasis on features like access control, integration with other software, and document management. Most proprietary wiki applications specifically market themselves as enterprise solutions, including Socialtext, Jive, Traction TeamPage and Notion.
Increasingly offerings appear which use the name 'wiki' but do not offer basic elements common to established wikis, like Wiki Markup and Link-first workflow as in Confluence (since 2018),[7] or Version Control of Full Text Search Microsoft Teams.[8]
In addition, some open source wiki applications also describe themselves as enterprise solutions, including
Among the many companies and government organizations that use wikis internally are
.Within organizations, wikis may either add to or replace centrally managed content management systems. Their decentralized nature allows them, in principle, to disseminate needed information across an organization more rapidly and more cheaply than a centrally controlled knowledge repository. Wikis can also be used for
Features of wikis which can serve an enterprise include:
- Entering information into quick and easy-to-create pages, including hyperlinks to other corporate information systems like people directories, CMS, applications, and thus to facilitate the buildup of useful knowledge bases.
- Reduces e-mailoverload. Wikis allow all relevant information to be shared by people working on a given project. Conversely, only the wiki users interested in a given project need look at its associated wiki pages, in contrast to high-traffic mailing lists which may burden subscribers with many messages, regardless of their relevance. It is also very useful for the project manager to have all the communication stored in one place, which allows them to link the responsibility for every action taken to a particular team member.
- Organizes information. Wikis help users structure information into discoverable and searchable categories. These may arise from users in a bottom-up way. Users can create lists, tables, timelines and other ways of expressing order.
- Builds consensus. Wikis allow structuring the expression of views, on a topic being considered by authors, on the same page. This feature is very useful when writing documentation, preparing presentations, when author opinions differ, and so on.
- Access levels by rights and roles. Users can be denied access to view and/or edit given pages, depending upon their department or role within the organization.
- Knowledge management with comprehensive searches. This includes document management, project management, and knowledge repositories useful during times of employee turnover or retirement.
Personal wikis
Software that is specifically designed for running personal wikis includes Tomboy, PmWiki, and ConnectedText (now discontinued). Other, more general, wiki applications have components geared for individual users, including MoinMoin (which offers a "DesktopEdition"[14]), and TiddlyWiki.
Editing
Most wiki software uses a special syntax, known as
Based on the
Hosted application
There are a variety of wiki hosting services, otherwise known as wiki farms, that host users' wikis on a server. Some wiki software is only available in hosted form: PBworks, Wetpaint and Wikispaces are all examples of wiki hosting services that run on code that is only available on those sites. Other wiki software is available in both hosted and downloadable form, including Confluence, Socialtext, MediaWiki and XWiki.
Additional features
Content-management features
Wiki software can include features that come with traditional content management systems, such as calendars, to-do lists, blogs and discussion forums. All of these can either be stored via versioned wiki pages, or simply be a separate piece of functionality. Software that supports blogs with wiki-style editing and versioning is sometimes known as "bliki" software.
Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware is an example of wiki software that is designed to support such features at its core. Many of the enterprise wiki applications, such as TWiki, Confluence and SharePoint, also support such features, as do open-source applications like MediaWiki and XWiki, via plugins.[15]
Scripting
Some wiki applications let users embed scripting-style calls into wiki pages, which are processed by the wiki's parser and run either when the page is saved or when it is displayed. XWiki and MediaWiki are examples of such applications.[16]
Specifically XWiki offers support for the following scripting languages:
scripting language.Semantic annotation
Wiki software can let users store data via the wiki, in a way that can be exported via the Semantic Web, or queried internally within the wiki. A wiki that allows such annotation is known as a semantic wiki. The current best-known semantic wiki software is Semantic MediaWiki, a plugin to MediaWiki.
Mobile access
Some wiki software have special handling for accessing by mobile devices, such as mobile phones. This is usually done by displaying conservative HTML coding.[17][18]
Offline viewing and editing
Various approaches to providing wiki functionality when the user is not online have been tried. For users who need to simply read the wiki's content when offline, a copy of the content can often be made easily; in the case of Wikipedia, CD-ROMs and printed versions have been made of parts of Wikipedia's content.
Allowing offline editing, however (where the changes are synchronized when the user is back online), is a much more difficult process. One approach to doing this is using a
Distributing and decentralizing
Wiki software can be distributed.[19] XWiki is able to function in this way.[20] Smallest Federated Wiki promotes a federation of wiki servers,[21]
There has also been research done on allowing Wikipedia to be run as a decentralized wiki.[22][23]
See also
- Collaborative editing
- Comparison of wiki software
- Enterprise portal
- Enterprise social software
- List of collaborative software
- List of wiki software
Notes
- ISBN 0-201-71499-X
- ^ "JAM wiki - Just Advertising and Marketing". JAM wiki. Retrieved 2021-05-12.
- ^ "Engines". WikiCreole. 14 June 2010. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
- ^ "Alexa Top 500 Global Sites". Alexa. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ a b "Browse data: All". WikiIndex. Archived from the original on Jul 25, 2021.
- ^ "Year of the enterprise Wiki: Lightweight Web collaboration gets down to business", Jon Udell, InfoWorld, December 30, 2004.
- ^ "[CONFCLOUD-67129] Link to an undefined page (A page that doesn't exist yet)". Jira Software - Atlassian. Archived from the original on Nov 30, 2022.
- ^ "Fulltextsearch for Wiki". Microsoft Teams UserVoice. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12.
- ^ "Foswiki - The free enterprise collaboration platform".
- ^ "TWiki - the Open Source Enterprise Wiki and Web Application Platform".
- ^ "BlueSpice - The Wiki and Knowledge Base Software".
- ^ "Enterprise". Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware. 11 August 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ "Enterprise hub". MediaWiki. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ "DesktopEdition". MoinMoin. 2016-12-01. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ "Applications & Extensions (Features.Applications)". XWiki. September 23, 2015. Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- CiteSeerX 10.1.1.131.2458
- CIO Magazine, April 5, 2006, retrieved 2008-09-20
- ^ Lu, Mat (July 15, 2007). "W2: a little iPhone wiki]". TUAW. Archived from the original on 2013-02-05. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - S2CID 45142475.
- ^ "XWiki Concerto Project homepage". Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ "Welcome Visitors". Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ A Decentralized Wiki Engine for Collaborative Wikipedia Hosting, Guido Urdaneta, Guillaume Pierre and Maarten van Steen, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technology (Webist), March 2007
- ^ Wikipedia Workload Analysis for Decentralized Hosting, Guido Urdaneta, Guillaume Pierre, Maarten van Steen, Elsevier Computer Networks 53(11), pp. 1830–1845, July 2009
References
- Andersen, Espen (2005). Using Wikis in a Corporate Context. In Handbuch E-Learning. A. Hohenstein and K. Wilbers (eds). Cologne, WoltersKluwer. 5.8: 15.
- Guy, Marieke (2006). Wiki or Won't He? A Tale of Public Sector Wikis. Ariadne Issue 49.
- Grzeganek, K.; Frost, I.; Gross, D (2011). Spoilt for Choice - Wiki Software for Knowledge Management in Organisations. Community of Knowledge.