Windsor and Annapolis Railway

Windsor and Annapolis Railway
Overview
Headquarters	Corporate: broad gauge but converted in 1875
Length	118 miles (190 km)

The Windsor and Annapolis Railway (W&AR) was a historic Canadian railway that operated in Nova Scotia's Annapolis Valley.

The railway ran from

Halifax. The W&AR played a major role in developing Nova Scotia's agriculture and tourism industries, operating from 1869 until 1894 when it evolved into the larger Dominion Atlantic Railway

.

Fox, Walker and Company

broad gauge locomotives

The W&AR was formed by British railway investors and Nova Scotian railway promoters in 1864. Investors were attracted by the traffic potential to link Halifax with Bay of Fundy and New England ports as well as the apple orchards in the Annapolis Valley.

Halifax. Vernon Smith, an experienced railway manager and engineer from Britain was the engineer in charge of construction and became the first general manager. The resident engineer was Henry Ernest Milner

, also from England. Construction began in 1866 with locomotives landed for work crews at Windsor,

Saxby Gale on October 5, 1869 destroyed much of the newly built line between Hortonville and Wolfville which required hasty rebuilding. Despite these challenges, the railway opened for full operation on December 18, 1869 when the Avon and Gaspereau Bridges were complete and first train ran across the entire line from Halifax to Annapolis Royal.^[2]

Map of the Windsor & Annapolis and the Western Counties railways in 1885

The railway struggled at first with inexperienced staff, limited equipment and especially with extensive and ongoing repairs required on the sections of the line along the Minas Basin damaged by the Saxby Gale in 1869. However passenger traffic quickly blossomed, helped by early tourism promotion of steamship connections to the emerging New England tourism market. Freight traffic began more slowly but an explosion in apple shipments in the early 1880s ensured the prosperity of the line.

The railway was built at first to the Canadian

standard gauge of 4 ft 81⁄2 in (1,435 mm) in 1875. The W&AR bought out the thriving branch line, the Cornwallis Valley Railway in 1890 which ran from Kentville to Kingsport

through rich apple districts.

Merger and renaming

Wolfville, Nova Scotia showing the Vernon Smith

planning the W&AR.

A formidable rival to the W&AR was the Western Counties Railway (WCR), based in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, which used political allies to threaten the exclusive W&AR access to the critical "Windsor Branch" connection into Halifax. However, the W&AR was able to buy out the WCR in 1894 to create the Dominion Atlantic Railway, thus providing a through line from Halifax to Yarmouth. The W&AR set the direction for the new united company which took over the W&AR headquarters in Kentville as well as the W&AR's "Land of Evangeline" identity.

The Windsor and Hantsport Railway continued to operate over portions of the old Windsor and Annapolis mainline until 2011.

A monument to the Vernon Smith and his work constructing of the Windsor and Annapolis Railway was installed beside the line at the waterfront park in Wolfville in 2013.^[3]

References

^ "Windsor and Annapolis Railway" Dominion Atlantic Railway Digital Preservation Institute
^ Marguerite Woodworth, History of the Dominion Atlantic Railway, Kentville Publishing (1937) pp. 66-70
^ ""Sculpture Unveiled in Wolfville", Nova News Now, Sept. 21, 2013". Archived from the original on 2013-09-23. Retrieved 2013-09-23.

Gary Ness Canadian Pacific's Dominion Atlantic Railway (Vol. I), page 1 and (Vol. II), page 13.
Marguerite Woodworth, History of the Dominion Atlantic Railway, 1937, p. 51-87.

External links

[1] "Windsor and Annapolis Railway" Dominion Atlantic Railway Digital Preservation Institute

[2] Marguerite Woodworth, History of the Dominion Atlantic Railway, Kentville Publishing (1937) pp. 66-70

[3] ""Sculpture Unveiled in Wolfville", Nova News Now, Sept. 21, 2013". Archived from the original on 2013-09-23. Retrieved 2013-09-23.

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