Wingsail
A wingsail, twin-skin sail
Introduction
Wingsails are of two basic constructions that create an airfoil, "soft" and "hard", both mounted on an unstayed rotating mast.[4] Whereas hard wingsails are rigid structures that are stowed only upon removal from the boat, soft wingsails[5][6] can be furled or stowed on board.[4]
Camber adjustment
Wingsails change camber (the asymmetry between the top and the bottom surfaces of the
Mechanisms for camber adjustment are similar for soft and hard wingsails. Each employs independent leading and trailing airfoil segments that are adjusted independently for camber. More sophisticated rigs allow for variable adjustment of camber with height above the water to account for increased windspeed.[3][8]
Comparison with conventional sailing rigs
The presence of rigging, supporting the mast of a
Points of sail
Nielsen summarised the efficiencies of wingsails, compared with conventional sails, for different points of sail, as follows:[3]
- Close-hauled: At 30° apparent wind, the wingsail has a 10-degree angle of attack and more lift, compared to the conventional sail plan and its angles of attack of 15° for the jiband 20° for the mainsail.
- Beam reach: At 90° apparent wind, the wingsail, positioned across the boat, functions efficiently as a wing, providing forward lift, whereas the jib of the conventional sail plan suffers from being difficult to shape as a wing (the main sail is still relatively efficient).
- Broad reach: At 135° apparent wind, the wingsail may be eased in such a manner that it still functions efficiently as a wing, whereas the jib and main sail no longer provide lift—instead they present themselves perpendicular to the wind and provide force from drag only.
References
- ^ Reed, Dave (August 27, 2019). "Intel on the AC75's Twin-Skin Main". Sailing World. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
- ^ Griffin, Jack (August 27, 2018). "AC75 Double Luff Mainsail". www.sail-world.com. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
- ^ a b c d e f Nielsen, Peter (May 14, 2014). "Have Wingsails Gone Mainstream?". Sail. Retrieved 2015-01-24.
- ^ a b Nielsen, Peter (August 2, 2017). "Have Wingsails Gone Mainstream?". Sail Magazine. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
- ^ Heppell, Toby (2021-02-26). "America's Cup: Our analysis of INEOS' development". Yachting World. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
- ^ Reynolds, Pat (2016-01-13). "What's In A Rig? - Wingsail". American Sailing Association. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
- ISBN 0-7506-5111-3.
- ^
Widnall, Sheila; Cornwell, Hayden; Williams, Peter (2014). "Effects of Spanwise Flexibility on Lift and Rolling Moment of a Wingsail". Widnall. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. hdl:1721.1/92344.
External links
- Media related to Wings (sailing) at Wikimedia Commons