Yvonne Clark
Yvonne Young Clark | |
---|---|
Houston, Texas, U.S. | |
Died | January 27, 2019 Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. | (aged 89)
Resting place | Cave Hill Cemetery Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. |
Education | |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Mechanical Engineering |
Institutions |
|
Yvonne Y. Clark (born Georgianna Yvonne Young; April 13, 1929 – January 27, 2019)
Early life and education
Yvonne was born in 1929 in
In 1945 she graduated from high school at age 16 and spent the next two years studying at Girls Latin School in Boston. Clark then became the first woman to earn a degree in mechanical engineering from Howard University, where she was a cheerleader and the only female in her class of almost entirely returned World War II veterans.[6] After she graduated in 1951, she found that "the engineering job market wasn't very receptive to women, particularly women of color."[5]
Clark was the first African-American woman to earn a master's degree in Engineering Management from Vanderbilt University in 1972, after having sent the first African-American students to their engineering department earlier.[7][6] Her thesis was titled "Designing procedures for materials flow management in major rebuild projects in the glass industry."[8]
Career
Yvonne's first job after gaining her degree was in the Frankford Arsenal Gauge Lab, a U.S. Army ammunition plant in Philadelphia.[6] She then moved to a small record label, RCA Camden, in New Jersey, where she designed factory equipment.[1] Clark returned to the South to get married,[6] and became the first female member of the Tennessee State University mechanical engineering department, joining the faculty in 1956.[5] She twice chaired the department, initially from 1965 until 1970 and then starting in 1977, and held the position for 11 years.[5] She retired as a professor.[4]
Clark worked industry jobs during her summers which is when she did her work for NASA, Westinghouse,[5] and Ford.[9] In 1971 Clark worked at the Nashville Glass Plant of Ford Motor Company while working towards her master's degree at Vanderbilt, where she was their first female engineer.[10][8]
Clark helped to start Tennessee State's chapter of Pi Tau Sigma, a mechanical engineering society.[11] She encouraged women to become engineers and reported in 1997 that 25% of the students in her department were female.[1]
Research
Clark spent many summers at Frankford Arsenal researching recoilless weapons in the Dynamic Analysis Branch. There, she researched the movements of missiles and rockets.[12] In the summer of 1963 Clark was hired to work for NASA at the George C. Marshall Air and Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, where she investigated the cause of hot spots identified in Saturn V engines. She then spent a summer at the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, helping design the Apollo Lunar Sample Return Containers used on Apollo 11 that Neil Armstrong used to bring moon samples back to Earth.[6] The research focused on ensuring the materials used to make the container would be able to withstand the extreme temperature differences of the moon while maintaining the ambient pressure of the moon as to not change any properties of the samples.[13]
Clark did further research that discovered methods for revitalizing and modernizing part of the inner city through the Westinghouse's Defense and Space Center in Baltimore, Maryland. As of the 1990s, her research focused on refrigerants. She served as the main investigator for the research project "Experimental Evaluation of the Performance of Alternative Refrigerants in Heat Pump Cycles," funded by the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Clark was also the student division team leader for the NASA funded project at TSU called the Center for Automated Space Science.[5]
Personal life
Yvonne Young married William F. Clark Jr., a biochemistry teacher at
Awards
- Member and Executive Committee, Society of Women Engineers (1952–)[9]
- Fellow of the Society of Women Engineers (1984–)[9]
- Mechanism of the Year Award given by the TSU student Chapter of ASME for her unyielding support to her students. (1990)[9]
- Women of Color Technology Award for Educational Leadership, by U.S. Black Engineers (1977)[9]
- Adult Black Achievers Award by the Northwest Family YMCA for being a role model and mentor to the youth of today. (1977)[9]
- Distinguished Engineering Educator Award (1998)[9]
- Distinguished Service Award by the Tennessee Society of Professional Engineers (TSPE) for her outstanding leadership to her profession and contributions to the community. (2001)[9]
- President's Distinguished University Award from TSU for 50 years of loyalty, dedication, and determination during her career in academia (2006)[9]
- Educator of the Year Award by Delta Sigma Theta sorority, Nashville Alumnae chapter (2008)[9]
- Member, American Society of Engineering Education[9]
- Member, American Society of Mechanical Engineers[9]
References
- ^ ISBN 1566395275.
- ^ "For the 'First Lady of Engineering,' Freedom Meant Facing Down Racism and Sexism—And Breaking Her Own Rules". Scientific American. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
- ^ "SWE Women - Clark". societyofwomenengineers. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
- ^ a b "Faculty About Us". TSU Mechanical Engineering. Tennessee State University. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
- ^ ISBN 9780253336033.
- ^ a b c d e f "Yvonne Young Clark and Carol Lawson Interview" (PDF). SWE Storycorps interviews. Society of Women Engineers. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
- ^ "Faculty". Tennessee State University. 5 March 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
- ^ ISBN 978-1557534453.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Yvonne Clark". Society of Women Engineers. 12 May 2009. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
- ISSN 1058-2428.
- ^ "Tennessee State Alpha Delta". Pi Tau Sigma. 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
- ^ Initiative, Katie Hafner, Carol Sutton Lewis, The Lost Women of Science. "NASA's Saturn V Rocket, the Moon Rock Box and the Woman Who Made Them Work Properly". Scientific American. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Apollo Lunar Sample Return Container (ALSRC), Apollo 11 | National Air and Space Museum". airandspace.si.edu. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
- ^ "Nashville's own 'Hidden Figure' and pioneer for African-American and women engineers dies", Vanderbilt School of Engineering, January 31, 2019
External links
- StoryCorps Interview
- interview on discrimination Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
- interview on mentoring Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
- interview on work/life balance Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- 1964 profile in Ebony
- 1975 IEEE Transactions On Education
- NKAA entry
- Vanderbilt University School of Engineering
- American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
- Society of Women Engineers (SWE)
- SWE - All Together Article
- Engineering and Technology History Wiki Archived 2020-01-04 at the Wayback Machine