Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville | ||
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Louisville Slugger Museum | ||
GNIS feature ID 2404963[10] | | |
Website | louisvilleky |
Louisville (
Named after
Today, the city is known as the home of boxer
Since 2003, Louisville's borders have been the same as those of Jefferson County, after a
The
History
The history of Louisville spans hundreds of years, and has been influenced by the area's
Early history and founding
Since the Falls created a barrier to river travel, settlements grew at this portage point. The first European settlement in the vicinity of modern-day Louisville was on Corn Island in 1778 by Col. George Rogers Clark, credited as the founder of Louisville. Several landmarks in the community are named after him.[22]
Two years later, in 1780, the
19th century
The city's early growth was influenced by the fact that river boats had to be unloaded and moved downriver before reaching the falls. By 1828, the population had grown to 7,000 and Louisville became an incorporated city.[26]
Early Louisville was a major shipping port and
During this point in the 1850s, the city was growing and vibrant, but that also came with negativity. It was the center of planning, supplies, recruiting, and transportation for numerous campaigns, especially in the
The first Kentucky Derby was held on May 17, 1875, at the Louisville Jockey Club track (later renamed Churchill Downs).[28] The Derby was originally shepherded by Meriwether Lewis Clark Jr., the grandson of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, and grandnephew of the city's founder George Rogers Clark. Horse racing had a strong tradition in Kentucky, whose Inner Bluegrass Region had been a center of breeding high-quality livestock throughout the 19th century. Ten thousand spectators watched the first Derby, which Aristides won.[29]
On March 27, 1890, the city was devastated and its downtown nearly destroyed when what scientists now estimate was an
20th and 21st centuries
Following the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation, freed slaves settled in a neighborhood of Louisville called Little Africa, nicknamed "the gateway to the South", near the present neighborhood of Park DuValle.[33] The neighborhood was described as a "thriving community" by the 1920s, and declined between the 1940s and 1950s.[33]
In 1914, the City of Louisville passed a racially-based residential zoning code, following Baltimore, Atlanta, and a handful of cities in the Carolinas.[34] The NAACP challenged the ordinance in two cases. Two weeks after the ordinance enacted, an African-American named Arthur Harris moved into a house on a block designated for whites. He was prosecuted and found guilty. The second case was planned to create a test case. William Warley, the president of the local chapter of the NAACP, tendered a purchase offer on a white block from Charles Buchanan, a white real estate agent. Warley also wrote a letter declaring his intention to build a house on that lot and reside there. With the understanding that the Louisville ordinance made it illegal for him to live there, Warley withheld payment, setting in motion a breach of contract suit by Buchanan.[35] By 1917 the US Supreme Court agreed to hear the case of Buchanan v. Warley. The court struck down the Louisville residential segregation ordinance, ruling that it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause.[36]
In 1917, shortly after the United States' entry into World War I, Louisville was selected as the site of Camp Zachary Taylor. Camp Taylor was one of the country's largest World War I training camps. It was home of the 84th Infantry Division and trained over 150,000 men by the end of war, including F. Scott Fitzgerald. The camp was closed in 1921. Many of the buildings and infrastructure in the Camp Taylor neighborhood of Louisville are there as a result of the training camp.
In 1929, Louisville completed the
Throughout January 1937, 19.17 inches (48.7 cm) of rain fell in Louisville, and by January 27, the Ohio River crested at a record 57.15 feet (17.42 m), almost 30 feet (9.1 m) above flood stage. These events triggered the "Great Flood of 1937", which lasted into early February. The flood submerged 60–70 percent of the city, caused complete loss of power for four days, and forced the evacuation of 175,000 or 230,000 residents, depending on sources. Ninety people died as a result of the flood.[38][39] It led to dramatic changes in where residents lived. Today, the city is protected by numerous flood walls. After the flood, the areas of high elevation in the eastern part of the city had decades of residential growth.
Louisville was a center for factory war production during World War II. In May 1942, the U.S. government assigned the
Throughout the 1940s, there were more black
Similar to many other older American cities, Louisville began to experience a movement of people and businesses to the suburbs in the 1960s and 1970s. Middle class residents used newly built freeways and interstate highways to commute to work, moving into more distant but newer housing. Because of tax laws, businesses found it cheaper to build new rather than renovate older buildings. Economic changes included a decline in local manufacturing. The West End and older areas of the South End, in particular, began to decline economically as many local factories closed.
In 1974, a major (F4) tornado hit Louisville as part of the 1974 Super Outbreak of tornadoes that struck 13 states. It covered 21 miles (34 km) and destroyed several hundred homes in the Louisville area, causing two deaths.[41]
Since the 1980s, many of the city's urban neighborhoods have been
Since the late 1990s, Downtown has experienced significant residential, tourist and retail growth, including the addition of major sports complexes KFC Yum! Center, Lynn Family Stadium and Louisville Slugger Field, conversion of waterfront industrial sites into Waterfront Park, openings of varied museums (see Museums, galleries and interpretive centers below), and the refurbishing of the former Galleria into the bustling entertainment complex Fourth Street Live!, which opened in 2004.
On March 13, 2020, four
On April 10, 2023, a
Geography
Louisville and Jefferson County have a combined area of 397.68 square miles (1,030.0 km2), of which 380.46 square miles (985.4 km2) is land and 17.23 square miles (44.6 km2) (4.33%) is covered by water.[49]
Louisville is southeasterly situated along the border between Kentucky and
Louisville is located in Kentucky's outer Bluegrass region.[52] Its development has been influenced by its location on the Ohio River, which spurred Louisville's growth from an isolated camp site into a major shipping port. Much of the city is located on a very wide and flat floodplain surrounded by hill country on all sides. Much of the area was swampland that had to be drained as the city grew. In the 1840s, most creeks were rerouted or placed in canals to prevent flooding and disease outbreaks.
Areas generally east of I-65 are above the flood plain, and are composed of gently rolling hills. The southernmost parts of Jefferson County are in the scenic and largely undeveloped Knobs region, which is home to Jefferson Memorial Forest.
The
The Louisville area is near several other urban areas, especially
Cityscape
The downtown business district of Louisville is located immediately south of the Ohio River and southeast of the Falls of the Ohio. Major roads extend outwards from the downtown area in all directions. The airport is about 6.75 miles (10.86 km) south of the downtown area. The industrial sections of town are to the south and west of the airport, while most of the residential areas of the city are to the southwest, south, and east of downtown. In 2010, the 22,000-seat KFC Yum! Center was completed.[53][54] Twelve of the 15 buildings in Kentucky over 300 feet (91 m) are located in downtown Louisville.
Another primary business and industrial district is located in the suburban area east of the city on Hurstbourne Parkway.[55]
Louisville's late 19th- and early 20th-century development was spurred by three large suburban parks built at the edges of the city in 1890.
The city's
Since the mid-20th century, Louisville has in some ways been divided into three sides of town: the West End, the South End, and the East End. In 2003, Bill Dakan, a
According to the Greater Louisville Association of Realtors, the area with the lowest median home sales price is west of Interstate 65, in the West and South Ends. The middle range of home sales prices are between Interstates 64 and 65 in the South and East Ends, and the highest median home sales price are north of Interstate 64 in the East End.
Climate
Louisville has a
The wettest seasons are spring and summer, although rainfall is fairly constant year round. During the winter, particularly in January and February, several days of snow can be expected. January is the coldest month, with a mean temperature of 34.9 °F (1.6 °C). July is the average hottest month with a mean of 79.3 °F (26.3 °C).[66] The highest recorded temperature was 107 °F (42 °C), which last occurred on July 14, 1936, and the lowest recorded temperature was −22 °F (−30 °C) on January 19, 1994.[67] In 2012, Louisville had the fourth-hottest summer on record, with the temperature rising up to 106 °F (41 °C) in July and the June all-time monthly record high temperature being broken on two consecutive days.[65] As the city exemplifies the urban heat island effect, temperatures in commercial areas and in the industrialized areas along interstates are often higher than in the suburbs, often as much as 5 °F (2.8 °C).
Climate data for Louisville International Airport, Kentucky (1991–2020 normals,[d] extremes 1872–present[e]) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 77 (25) |
82 (28) |
88 (31) |
91 (33) |
98 (37) |
105 (41) |
107 (42) |
105 (41) |
104 (40) |
97 (36) |
85 (29) |
76 (24) |
107 (42) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 65.2 (18.4) |
70.4 (21.3) |
77.8 (25.4) |
84.1 (28.9) |
89.0 (31.7) |
93.6 (34.2) |
95.7 (35.4) |
95.6 (35.3) |
92.9 (33.8) |
85.4 (29.7) |
75.1 (23.9) |
67.0 (19.4) |
97.3 (36.3) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 43.6 (6.4) |
48.3 (9.1) |
58.1 (14.5) |
69.6 (20.9) |
77.8 (25.4) |
85.7 (29.8) |
89.0 (31.7) |
88.4 (31.3) |
82.2 (27.9) |
70.5 (21.4) |
57.6 (14.2) |
47.2 (8.4) |
68.2 (20.1) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 35.7 (2.1) |
39.5 (4.2) |
48.4 (9.1) |
59.0 (15.0) |
68.3 (20.2) |
76.4 (24.7) |
79.9 (26.6) |
78.9 (26.1) |
72.0 (22.2) |
60.3 (15.7) |
48.5 (9.2) |
39.6 (4.2) |
58.9 (14.9) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 27.8 (−2.3) |
30.7 (−0.7) |
38.6 (3.7) |
48.5 (9.2) |
58.7 (14.8) |
67.2 (19.6) |
70.8 (21.6) |
69.5 (20.8) |
61.9 (16.6) |
50.1 (10.1) |
39.4 (4.1) |
32.1 (0.1) |
49.6 (9.8) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 6.0 (−14.4) |
11.4 (−11.4) |
20.3 (−6.5) |
31.7 (−0.2) |
41.9 (5.5) |
53.6 (12.0) |
60.5 (15.8) |
58.7 (14.8) |
46.9 (8.3) |
33.7 (0.9) |
23.1 (−4.9) |
13.0 (−10.6) |
3.3 (−15.9) |
Record low °F (°C) | −22 (−30) |
−19 (−28) |
−1 (−18) |
21 (−6) |
31 (−1) |
42 (6) |
49 (9) |
45 (7) |
33 (1) |
23 (−5) |
−1 (−18) |
−15 (−26) |
−22 (−30) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.39 (86) |
3.41 (87) |
4.60 (117) |
4.80 (122) |
5.18 (132) |
4.27 (108) |
4.05 (103) |
3.71 (94) |
3.66 (93) |
3.72 (94) |
3.42 (87) |
4.13 (105) |
48.34 (1,228) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 4.5 (11) |
4.1 (10) |
2.1 (5.3) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.3 (0.76) |
2.2 (5.6) |
13.4 (34) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11.2 | 10.4 | 12.1 | 11.9 | 12.6 | 10.5 | 10.2 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 9.8 | 11.8 | 124.5 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 3.7 | 3.7 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 12.3 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
68.6 | 68.1 | 64.0 | 61.5 | 67.2 | 68.9 | 70.9 | 71.7 | 72.9 | 69.9 | 69.4 | 70.2 | 68.6 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 140.5 | 148.9 | 188.6 | 221.1 | 263.4 | 288.9 | 293.6 | 272.6 | 234.3 | 208.5 | 135.7 | 118.3 | 2,514.4 |
Percent possible sunshine | 46 | 49 | 51 | 56 | 60 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 63 | 60 | 45 | 40 | 56 |
Average ultraviolet index | 1.8 | 2.8 | 4.6 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 8.2 | 6.4 | 4.0 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 5.3 |
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[64][65][68] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: UV Index Today (1995 to 2022)[69] |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1790 | 200 | — | |
1800 | 359 | 79.5% | |
1810 | 1,357 | 278.0% | |
1820 | 4,012 | 195.7% | |
1830 | 10,341 | 157.8% | |
1840 | 21,210 | 105.1% | |
1850 | 43,194 | 103.6% | |
1860 | 68,033 | 57.5% | |
1870 | 100,753 | 48.1% | |
1880 | 123,758 | 22.8% | |
1890 | 161,129 | 30.2% | |
1900 | 204,731 | 27.1% | |
1910 | 223,928 | 9.4% | |
1920 | 234,891 | 4.9% | |
1930 | 307,745 | 31.0% | |
1940 | 319,077 | 3.7% | |
1950 | 369,129 | 15.7% | |
1960 | 390,639 | 5.8% | |
1970 | 361,706 | −7.4% | |
1980 | 298,694 | −17.4% | |
1990 | 269,063 | −9.9% | |
2000 | 256,231 | −4.8% | |
2010 | 597,337 | 133.1% | |
2020 | 633,045 | 6.0% | |
2022 (est.) | 624,444 | [6] | −1.4% |
U.S. Decennial Census[70] In 2003, Louisville merged with Jefferson County and population counts were combined thereafter.[71] 2010–2020[20] |
Between 1970 and 2000, Louisville lost population each decade. As of the
2020 Census
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2010[72] | Pop 2020[73][74][75] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
408,157 | 382,096 | 68.33% | 60.36% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
135,138 | 147,069 | 22.62% | 23.23% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
1,289 | 1,206 | 0.22% | 0.19% |
Asian alone (NH) | 12,764 | 21,034 | 2.14% | 3.32% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 347 | 493 | 0.06% | 0.08% |
Some Other Race alone (NH) | 1,018 | 3,064 | 0.17% | 0.48% |
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 11,834 | 27,900 | 1.98% | 4.41% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 26,790 | 50,183 | 4.48% | 7.93% |
Total | 597,337 | 633,045 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Louisville is the largest city in Kentucky, with 17.1% of the state's total population as of 2010; the balance's percentage was 13.8%.[76] In 2010, over one-third of the population growth in Kentucky was in Louisville's CSA counties.[citation needed]
The 2007 demographic breakdown for the entire Louisville Metro area was 74.8% White (71.7% non-Hispanic), 22.2% African American, 0.6% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 0.1% Hawaiian or Pacific islander, 1.4% other, and 1.6% multiracial. About 2.9% of the total population was identified as Hispanic of any race. During the same year, the area of premerger Louisville consisted 60.1% White, 35.2% African American, 1.9% Asian, 0.2% Native American, and 3.0% other, with 2.4% identified as Hispanic of any race.
Of the 287,012 households, 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were
The age distribution is 24.3% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.60 males.
The
African Americans are concentrated in the Smoketown neighborhood.[80]
Religion
Louisville hosts religious institutions of various faiths, including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and the Baháʼí Faith.
The 135,421
Bellarmine University and Spalding University in Louisville are affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church.
One in three Louisvillians is
The largest
The city is home to two megachurches. Southeast Christian Church, with its main campus in Middletown and three others in the surrounding region, is, as of 2013[update], the seventh-largest church in the United States.[84] St. Stephen Church[85] is the 38th largest in the US,[84] and has the largest African American congregation in Kentucky.[86]
The city is home to several religious institutions: the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville Bible College, Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, and the denominational headquarters of the Presbyterian Church (USA).
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints maintains a temple in suburban Crestwood.[87]
The
Since 1996, every May, the Festival of Faiths,[90] a five-day national interfaith gathering, is held featuring music, poetry, film, art and dialogue with internationally renowned spiritual leaders, thinkers and practitioners. The festival is organized by the Center for Interfaith Relations[91] and is held at Actors Theatre of Louisville.[92][93]
Louisville first welcomed the Baháʼí Faith in 1920. The Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼí of Louisville was formed in 1944 when their community reached the required amount of nine adult Baháʼís. The first Baháʼí center opened in Louisville in 1967 in Crescent Hill. When the community outgrew the space in 1985, it was sold and another center opened in Buechel in 1998.[94]
Crime
In a 2005 survey, Morgan Quitno Press ranked Louisville as the seventh safest large city in the United States.[95] The 2006 edition of the survey ranked Louisville eighth.[96]
In 2004, Louisville recorded 70 murders. The numbers for 2005 ranged from 55 to 59 (FBI says 55, LMPD says 59), which was down 16 percent from 2004.[97] In 2006, Louisville-Jefferson County recorded 50 murders, which was significantly lower than previous years. In 2008, Louisville recorded 79 murders.[98]
The Louisville Metro Area's overall violent crime rate was 412.6 per 100,000 residents in 2005.[99] The Elizabethtown, Kentucky Metro Area, which is part of Louisville's Combined Statistical Area, was the 17th safest Metro in the U.S.[100] Kentucky has the 5th lowest violent crime rate out of the 50 states.[101]
In 2020, Louisville recorded 173 murders;[102] and, in 2021, Louisville recorded 188 murders amidst an ongoing violent crime wave in the city.[103]
The city has also been one of the hardest hit by the opioid epidemic. In 2021, Louisville broke the record for overdoses in the city. Heroin, fentanyl and other opioids have also attributed to an overall increase in violent crime, property crime and homelessness in the past decade.[104]
Violent crime is most concentrated west of downtown, especially in the Russell neighborhood. The West End, located north of Algonquin Parkway and West of 9th Street, had 32 of the city's 79 murders in 2007.[105]
Economy
Louisville today is home to
Louisville's importance to the
Louisville is a significant center of manufacturing, with two major
Not typically known for high tech outside of the previously identified industries, Code Louisville, the city's public–private partnership for teaching people entry level software development skills, received recognition in 2015 from then-President Barack Obama.[114][115][116]
Louisville also prides itself in its large assortment of small, independent businesses and restaurants, some of which have become known for their ingenuity and creativity. A remarkable company in Louisville is Omega National Products, which manufactured at times 90% of all mirror balls used in the USA.[citation needed]
Several major motion pictures have been filmed in or near Louisville, including The Insider, Goldfinger, Stripes, Lawn Dogs, Elizabethtown, and Secretariat.
Arts and culture
This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2014) |
Annual festivals and other events
Louisville is home to many annual cultural events. Perhaps most well known is the
The summer season in Louisville also features a series of cultural events such as the
In July, the Forecastle Festival draws 75,000 visitors (as of 2022[update]) to Louisville Waterfront Park in celebration of the best in music, art and environmental activism. Past performers include The Black Keys, The Flaming Lips, Widespread Panic, The Smashing Pumpkins, The Avett Brothers, The Black Crowes and hundreds more.
The Kentucky State Fair is held every August at the Kentucky Exposition Center in Louisville as well, featuring an array of culture from all areas of Kentucky. In places, the African American community celebrates Juneteenth commemorating June 19, 1865, when enslaved African Americans in the western territories learned of their freedom.[118][119][120]
The Jeffersontown neighborhood is also the home of the annual Gaslight Festival, a series of events spread over a week. Attendance is estimated at 200,000–300,000 for the week.[121]
The month of October features the St. James Court Art Show in Old Louisville. Thousands of artists gather on the streets and in the courtyard to exhibit and sell their wares, and the event is attended by many art collectors and enthusiasts. The show typically brings in a crowd of over 150,000 people and $3 million in sales.[122]
Another art-related event that occurs every month is the
Indie scene
Louisville has blossomed as a booming center for independent art, music and business.
A Louisville locale that highlights this scene is Bardstown Road, an area located in the heart of the Highlands. Bardstown Road is known for its cultural diversity and local trade. The majority of the businesses along Bardstown Road, such as coffee shops, clothing stores and art galleries, are locally owned and operated businesses. Though it is only about a mile (1.6 km) long, this strip of Bardstown Road constitutes much of the city's culture and diverse lifestyle, contributing to the unofficial "Keep Louisville Weird" slogan.
In downtown Louisville,
Louisville is home to a thriving
The Louisville music scene reaches a crescendo every July during the Forecastle Festival, a three-day music, art and environmental activism festival taking place at Louisville Waterfront Park.
Especially catering to Louisville's music scene is 91.9
Museums, galleries and interpretive centers
The
Also nearby is the
The
The
Several
There are also several historical properties and items of interest in the area, including the
Performing arts
The Kentucky Center, dedicated in 1983, located in the downtown hotel and entertainment district, features a variety of plays and concerts. This is also the home of the Louisville Ballet, Louisville Orchestra, Bourbon Baroque, Actors Theatre of Louisville, StageOne Family Theatre, Derby Dinner Playhouse, Kentucky Shakespeare Festival, which operates the oldest professional outdoor Shakespeare festival, and the Kentucky Opera, which is the twelfth oldest opera in the United States.
Actors Theatre of Louisville, regarded as a beacon of innovative and inclusive professional storytelling in the Louisville area, presents approximately six hundred performances of about thirty productions during its year-round season, composed of a diverse array of contemporary and classical fare. From 1976 to 2021, it hosted the Humana Festival of New American Plays, a month-long festival of plays in the spring; the last festival took place virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The event was discontinued after the festival's chief sponsor, the Humana Foundation, refocused its philanthropic endeavors to support health-based initiatives.[126]
The Louisville area is home to a fast-growing independent and progressive theatre scene as well. Redline Performing Arts "produces a thriving culture for underserved, often marginalized communities."[127] Three Witches Shakespeare brings the Bard's plays to life through a queer/LGBTQIA+ perspective. Others include Chicken Coop Theatre, Pandora Productions, Mind's Eye Theatre, Looking for Lilith, Louisville Improvisers, Squallis Puppeteers, and many others that curate full seasons of contemporary, classical and experimental work.
The Louisville Orchestra was founded in 1937 by conductor
The Palace Theatre is an ornate theatre in downtown Louisville's theatre district which shows films and hosts concerts.
Iroquois Park is the home of the renovated Iroquois Amphitheater, which hosts a variety of musical concerts in a partially covered outdoor setting.
Sports
College sports are popular in the Louisville area. The Louisville Cardinals have competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), since joining that league in July 2014.
College basketball is particularly popular. The Louisville Cardinals's Freedom Hall averaged sellouts for 10 straight years and the Downtown KFC Yum! Center following suit with regular sellouts. The Cardinals ranked third nationally in attendance in 2012–13,[129] the most recent of the program's three* national championship seasons (1980, 1986, 2013*). The Cardinals also hold the Big East conference women's basketball paid attendance record with nearly 17,000 attending the game against the Kentucky Wildcats in 2008. The Louisville market has ranked first in ratings for the NCAA men's basketball tournament every year since 1999.[130] The Kentucky Wildcats used to play an annual game in Freedom Hall.
The
Horse racing is also a major attraction.
Louisville is also the home of Valhalla Golf Club which hosted the 1996, 2000 and 2014 PGA Championships, the 2004 Senior PGA Championship and the 2008 Ryder Cup. It is also home to David Armstrong Extreme Park (formerly Louisville Extreme Park), which skateboarder Tony Hawk has called one of his top five skate parks.[131]
Louisville has seven professional and
Louisville City FC, a professional soccer team in the second-division USL Championship, began play in 2015 at Slugger Field and has since moved into their own Soccer-specific stadium , Lynn Family Stadium, in 2020.[132] The team was originally the reserve side for Orlando City SC of Major League Soccer, but the two organizations were separated in 2016. Racing Louisville FC, an expansion team in the National Women's Soccer League began play in 2021 at Lynn Family Stadium.[133]
Louisville had two professional American football teams in the
Between 1967 and 1976, Louisville was home to the
Louisville has the added distinction of being the only city in the world that is the birthplace of four heavyweight boxing champions: Marvin Hart, Muhammad Ali, Jimmy Ellis and Greg Page.[135]
Professional teams
Club | Sport | Began Play | League | Venue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Louisville Bats | Baseball | 2002 | International League | Louisville Slugger Field |
Derby City Dynamite | Women's football
|
2013 | Women's Football Alliance | John Hardin High School (Radcliff)[136] |
Louisville City FC | Men's soccer | 2015 | United Soccer League | Lynn Family Stadium |
Racing Louisville FC | Women's soccer
|
2021 | National Women's Soccer League | Lynn Family Stadium |
Parks and recreation
Louisville Metro has 122 city parks covering more than 13,000 acres (53 km2). Several of these parks were designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, who also designed New York City's Central Park as well as parks, parkways, college campuses and public facilities in many U.S. locations. The Louisville Waterfront Park is prominently located on the banks of the Ohio River near downtown and features large open areas, which often hold free concerts and other festivals. The Big Four Bridge, a former railroad bridge spanning 547 feet (167 m) but is now a pedestrian bridge connecting Waterfront Park with Jeffersonville, Indiana's waterfront park, fully opened in May 2014 with the completion of Jeffersonville's ramp.[137][138] Cherokee Park, one of the most visited parks in the nation,[139] features a 2.6-mile (4.2 km) mixed-use loop and many well-known landscaping and architectural features including the Hogan's Fountain Pavilion. Other notable parks in the system include Iroquois Park, Shawnee Park, Seneca Park and Central Park.
Further from the downtown area is the
Otter Creek Outdoor Recreation Area, owned and operated by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, is another large park in nearby Brandenburg, Kentucky. The park's namesake, Otter Creek, winds along the eastern side of the park. A scenic bend in the Ohio River, which divides Kentucky from Indiana, can be seen from northern overlooks within the park. The park is a mountain biking destination, with trails maintained by a local mountain bike organization.[citation needed]
Other outdoor points of interest in the Louisville area include
In development is the
Government
Until 2015, Louisville was one of two cities in Kentucky designated by the state as first-class (along with Lexington, the state's second-largest).[f] Since January 6, 2003, Louisville has merged its government with that of Jefferson County, forming coterminous borders.[16] Louisville was the second and only other city in the state to merge with its county. (Lexington had merged with Fayette County in 1974.)
Louisville Metro is governed by an executive called the
The Metro Council consists of 26 seats representing districts apportioned by population throughout the city and county. The residents of the semi-independent municipalities within Louisville Metro are apportioned to districts along with all other county residents. Half (13) of the seats come up for reelection every two years. The council is chaired by a
Before merger, under the
The Official Seal of the City of Louisville, no longer used following the merger, reflected its history and heritage in the
Kentucky's 3rd congressional district encompasses most of Louisville Metro, and is represented by Rep. Morgan McGarvey (D). Far eastern portions of the county are part of the 4th congressional district, which is represented by Thomas Massie (R).[144][145]
Education
Louisville is home to several institutions of higher learning. There are six four-year universities, the University of Louisville, Bellarmine University, Boyce College, Spalding University, Sullivan University and Simmons College of Kentucky; Louisville Bible College; a two-year community college, Jefferson Community and Technical College; and several other business or technical schools such as Spencerian College, Strayer University and Sullivan College of Technology and Design. Indiana University Southeast is located across the Ohio River in New Albany, Indiana.
The University of Louisville has had notable achievements including several hand transplants[146] and the world's first self-contained artificial heart transplant.[147]
Two major graduate-professional schools of religion are also located in Louisville. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, with more than 5,300 students, is the flagship institution of the Southern Baptist Convention. It was founded in Greenville, South Carolina, in 1859 and moved to Louisville in 1877, occupying its present campus on Lexington Road in 1926. Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, product of a 1901 merger of two predecessor schools founded at Danville, Kentucky in 1853 and in Louisville in 1893, occupied its present campus on Alta Vista Road in 1963.
According to the
The public school system,
Media
Louisville's
The most popular
Infrastructure
Transportation
As with most American cities, transportation in Louisville is based primarily on automobiles. However, the city traces its foundation to the era where the river was the primary
Louisville has inner and outer
The
Louisville's main airport is the centrally located
The
Louisville has historically been a major center for
In 2016 Walk Score ranked Louisville 43rd "most walkable" of 141 U.S. cities with a population greater than 200,000.[160]
Utilities
Electricity is provided to the Louisville Metro area by Louisville Gas & Electric. Water is provided by the Louisville Water Company, which provides water to more than 800,000 residents in Louisville as well as parts of Oldham and Bullitt counties. Additionally, they provide wholesale water to the outlying counties of Shelby, Spencer and Nelson.[161]
The
Public safety
The primary law enforcement agencies are the Louisville Metro Police Department (LMPD) and the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office (JCSO). 911 emergency medical services are provided by the government as Louisville Metro EMS (LMEMS) which responds to over 120,000 calls for service annually. Louisville Metro Department of Corrections operates two facilities housing approximately 2,000 inmates.
Louisville has recently been featured on the television show
Fire protection is provided by 16 independent
Notable people
In popular culture
The survival-horror video game
Firsts
Important events occurring in the city include the
Sister cities
Louisville's
Louisville was sister cities with Perm, Russia. However, this relationship was temporarily suspended by Mayor Greg Fischer in June 2022 in light of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[167]
In addition, Louisville has been recognized as a "friendship city". The two cities have engaged in many cultural exchange programs, particularly in the fields of nursing and law, and cooperated in several private business developments, including the Frazier History Museum.[168]
Although not technically a sister city, Louisville has friendly and cooperative relations with Chengdu, China.[169]
See also
- List of cities and towns along the Ohio River
- USS Louisville, 4 ships
Notes
- ^ a b Louisville's "balance" population is considered in determining rank among cities in the U.S.
- ^ The city population density as of April 1, 2020 census data (residents per unit of land area)
- ^ San Juan, Puerto Rico MSAwhich has a higher population than Louisville.
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ Official records for Louisville were kept at the Weather Bureau Office from August 1872 to June 1945, Bowman Field from July 1945 to November 1947, Louisville Int'l from December 1947 to October 1995, the Weather Forecast Office (38°06′54″N 85°38′42″W / 38.1150°N 85.6450°W) from November 1995 to December 2005, and again at Louisville Int'l since January 2006. For more information, see Threadex
- ^ Under Kentucky's current classification scheme, which went into effect on January 1, 2015, cities with a mayor–alderman form of government are first-class, with the "home rule class" covering all other forms. This replaced a system in which cities were divided into six classes, nominally by population.[141]
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Further reading
- Bell, Rick (2007). The Great Flood of 1937: Rising Waters, Soaring Spirits. Louisville, Kentucky: Butler Books. ISBN 978-1-884532-82-5. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
- Domer, Dennis; Gregory A. Luhan; David Mohney (2004). The Louisville Guide. New York: ISBN 978-1-56898-451-3.
- Greater Louisville Inc. (2006). Louisville Then and Now. Butler Books. ISBN 978-1-884532-68-9.
- Kleber, John E., ed. (2001). The Encyclopedia of Louisville. OCLC 247857447. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
- Lee, Gary (August 20, 2006). "Louisville Old and New: Either Way, It's a Knockout". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
- Nold, Chip; Bob Bahr (1997). Insiders' Guide to Louisville, Kentucky & Southern Indiana. ISBN 978-1-57380-043-3.
- Sanders, David; Glen Conner (2000). Fact Sheet—Ohio River Floods. Kentucky Climate Center. Archived from the original on March 19, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
- Yater, George H. (1987). Two Hundred Years at the Fall of the Ohio: A History of Louisville and Jefferson County (2nd ed.). Louisville, Kentucky: ISBN 978-0-9601072-3-0.
External links
- Official website
- LOJIC Online – Interactive map of Louisville Metro
- Images of Louisville from the University of Louisville Digital Collections