Zippalanda

Coordinates: 39°41′28″N 35°08′29″E / 39.69111°N 35.14139°E / 39.69111; 35.14139
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Zippalanda was a

Alışar Höyük).[2][3]

History

Zippalanda was one of the ancient Hattic religious centers (šiunan URU "city of the gods") that retained privileges in the Old Kingdom.

Tarhuntassa
, this also became a sacred city.

The

purulli-festival, spring and autumn Imperial festivals, the festival of the month, and possibly the hunting festival (the Ki-Lam
).

The Weather god of Zippalanda, originally Hattic, was an important deity for the Hittites. At Zippalanda, he was considered to be the son of Tarḫunna, the 'Weather god of Heaven', and the Sun goddess of the Earth (known as Allani in the Hurrian-Hittite "Song of the Ransom").[5][6] His partner was the goddess Anzili or Enzili, who played a role in the rituals of Hittite childbirth.[7]

Much of the information about Zippalanda comes from tablets found at Hattusa, which record the existence of the temple of the Storm God and a palace or royal residence (halentu) and refer indirectly to daily religious life and festivals.

In addition to religious functions, people at Zippalanda are recorded as engaging in military affairs, crafts, hunting and stock breeding.[2]

Plausible sites

The plausible sites[3] are the settlement mounds known as Çadır Mound (Çadır Höyük)[8] and Uşaklı Mound (Uşaklı Höyük).[9]

The light defenses of the city wall suggest that it was a religious perimeter like that of

cultic sites are found within the city and ranging outside it toward Mount Daha.[2]

At least one scholar, Maciej Popko, has identified Zippalanda with Alaca Höyük, but this is not a widely held view.[11]

In January 2020, one of the earliest Mosaics in the world was found in Uşaklı Höyük, and possibly Zippalanda.[12]

In December 2022, archaeologists from the University of Pisa found a circular-shaped structure located to the north of what is probably the main temple of the city on the mound of Uşaklı Höyük. This, together with tablets found and other previous finds, could identify Uşaklı Höyük as ancient Zippalanda.[13][14]

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-415-39485-7
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8108-4936-5
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-87-635-3645-5
    .
  4. ^ Maciej Popko: Arinna. Eine heilige Stadt der Hethiter. (Studien zu den Boğazköy-Texten, Bd. 50). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-447-05867-4, p.4.
  5. ^ Volkert Haas, Heidemarie Koch: Religionen des alten Orients: Hethiter und Iran. Göttingen 2011, p. 236.
  6. ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia. Wiesbaden 2009, pp. 42, 55.
  7. ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia. Wiesbaden 2009, p. 56 & 156.
  8. ^ Site History Çadır Höyük Archaeological Project - www.cadirhoyuk.org
  9. ^ "Structures at Uşaklı Mound may be ancient Zippalanda". Hurriyet Daily News. 27 June 2016. Archived from the original on 2 July 2016.
  10. ^ Barjamovi, Historical Geography of Anatolia, p. 316, note 1302; see also Bryce The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia page 22.
  11. ^ Barjamovi, Historical Geography of Anatolia, p. 316, note 1302
  12. ^ "Earliest Mosaic in the World Found in Turkey". Haaretz. 23 January 2020.
  13. ^ Milligan, Markus (2022-12-26). "New discoveries could help confirm Uşaklı Höyük as the lost Hittite city of Zippalanda". HeritageDaily - Archaeology News. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
  14. ^ Carvajal, Guillermo (2022-12-30). "Encuentran una enigmática estructura circular en Zippalanda, la antigua ciudad sagrada de los Hititas". La Brújula Verde (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2023-01-02.

External links

39°41′28″N 35°08′29″E / 39.69111°N 35.14139°E / 39.69111; 35.14139

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