Zofia Gomułkowa

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Zofia Gomułkowa
Atheist
Children3, including Ryszard, Ewa, and another son

Zofia Gomułkowa, or Zofia Gomułka (born Liwa Szoken; 12 May 1902 – 27 November 1986),

PZPR
.

Life

Liwa Szoken was born in 1902 in

Catholic by birth, and an ironworker) at the age of 25 in 1927. A year earlier, he joined the Communist Party of Poland sponsored financially by the Communist International and served as leader of the Trade Union of Chemical Industry Workers at the time. They started living together in a common-law relationship. Liwa broke all contact with her Jewish family. The next year, Władysław Gomułka, age 23, was transferred to Zawiercie. Gomułkowa gave birth to a son there, who died within days.[2] They relocated back to Warsaw and did not return to Zawiercie ever again.[3]

In 1930 Zofia Gomułkowa gave birth to her son Ryszard. She did not get married because, in prewar Poland, marriage was a religious ceremony. Her common-law husband was arrested in 1932 for communist agitation during a workers' protest in Łódź. Upon his release, Władysław Gomułka left Poland for Moscow to study ideology at the Lenin's Academy. She could not afford to keep her son and gave him to Gomułka's family in the village of Białobrzegi near Krosno. Ryszard Gomułka-Strzelecki grew up without knowing about his Jewish roots. His daughter Ewa learned about her grandmother's Jewish background only as an adult.[3]

Zofia Gomułkowa married Władysław Gomułka in

Stalinist Poland on 21 April 1951 in a civil ceremony without a wedding. At about that time, she changed her given name officially from Liwa to Zofia.[4] Years later, she has supported her husband's anti-Zionist campaign of March 1968. Their son remarked that in the opinion of his father, those who like other places better and don't identify with Poland should leave. Notably, Zofia voiced no objections either to the massacre of the striking shipyard workers in 1970, an event that ultimately led to her husband's fall from power.[3][4][5]

References

  1. ^ The New York Times (30 November 1986). "Zofia Gomułka died". Obituary.
  2. ^ Agata Pustułka (22 April 2013). "Syn Władysława Gomułki pochowany na kirkucie w Zawierciu". Wiadomości. Dziennik Zachodni.
  3. ^ a b c Marta Grzywacz (15 October 2016). "Towarzyszka Gomułkowa: Podaje do stołu, ale udziału w rozmowie nie bierze". Portrety kobiet (Women's Portraits). WysokieObcasy.pl.
  4. ^ a b Michał Ogórek (8 October 2005). "ZOFIA GOMUŁKOWA: CZĘŚĆ PRZYWÓDCY". Pierwsze damy (First Ladies). WysokieObcasy.pl.
  5. ^ Niezłomni (2014/01/21), Sekret Władysława Gomułki, czyli o synu pochowanym w tajemnicy na kirkucie. Oraz o żonie, która została „Janem Chrzcicielem PPR”. Portal informacyjno-historyczny.
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