Élisabeth Roudinesco

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Élisabeth Roudinesco
Psychoanalyst

Élisabeth Roudinesco (

École Normale Supérieure
.

Roudinesco's work focuses mainly on psychiatry, psychology and psychoanalysis in France, but also worldwide. She has written biographies of Jacques Lacan and Sigmund Freud. Her biography of Freud, Freud, In his Time and Ours, was awarded the "Prix Décembre" 2014 and The "Prix des Prix" 2014. With Michel Plon, she published a huge Dictionary of Psychoanalysis (7th édition in 2023), which was translated into many languages, though not yet into English. Her book Généalogies (also unpublished in English) was awarded The Best Book Prize by The Société française d'histoire de la médecine. Her work has been translated into thirty languages.

Life

Roudinesco was born to half-

Romanian origin, who had "a passion for history and a phenomenal library". He was born in Bucharest in a Jewish and francophile milieu, and his father had been an editor.[1]

She received her secondary education in Paris at the

Université Paris VIII-Vincennes
in 1975.

She also took classes with Michel de Certeau, Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault at the time of her master's degree [citation needed]. She next defended her "habilitation à diriger des recherches" (H.D.R – the French accreditation needed to supervise doctoral dissertations) in 1991 with Michelle Perrot as supervisor and Alain Corbin, Dominique Lecourt, Jean-Claude Passeron, Robert Castel, and Serge Leclaire as members of the examining committee. This work was published under the title Généalogies.

From 1969 to 1981, she was a member of the École Freudienne de Paris, founded by psychoanalyst and philosopher Jacques Lacan. She was also a member of the editorial board of Action Poétique (1969–1979). She has written for French national newspapers, Libération (1986–1996), and then Le Monde since 1996.

For the past 30 years, she has been married to Olivier Bétourné, CEO of Éditions du Seuil.

Methodology

Literary

In the 1970s, Elisabeth Roudinesco's first works dealt with literary criticism, notably with

Freudianism and psychological medicine based on the theory of degeneration.[2]

History of psychoanalysis in France

From 1979, Elisabeth Roudinesco writes a history of psychoanalysis in France. At that time, the main model was still the biography, because the archives and documents of the psychoanalytical movement were still in the hand of

Freud
's heirs.

Indeed, this model corresponded to the historiographical trend centered on the notion of the founding father figure; a trend which is at the core of any quest of origins. However, this model has gradually declined.

Considering how

Lautréamont
, who enunciate, in a new style of writing, the project of changing man through "I is another".

Ellenberger

Scholarly historiography emerged with such work as Henri Ellenberger's The Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry, first published in 1970. Though this book had been known in English-speaking countries since that date, the book (published in French in 1974) remained largely unnoticed in France. Elisabeth Roudinesco republished it with a lengthy new preface in 1994.[3]

In his work, Ellenberger developed a conceptuality of freudianism founded on archivistics and reference to the concepts of "mental tools", "long length" and "system of thought". This last category proposed presenting doctrines in their own terms and structures. The study of the system of thought of dynamic psychiatry, psychotherapies and psychological medicine no longer echoes back to a single founder, but to a plurality of singular itineraries, shattering the biographic model.[3]

From Ellenberger's thesis, Elisabeth Roudinesco retained several guiding principles, while adding methodology derived from the works of the French epistemological school: Georges Canguilhem and Michel Foucault. Thus, the study of system of thought becomes the form in which, at a given time, knowledge achieves independence, finding balance and entering into communication: a history of a man who thinks, systems which intertwine, but also a critical analysis of the concepts of consciousness and subject of knowledge.[3]

Lacan

In 1993, Elisabeth Roudinesco published a biography of French psychoanalyst

Heidegger) within the Freudian doctrine – creating a phenomenon Freud would have never conceived himself, since he built his theory on a biological model (darwinism
), by consciously refusing to consider and include any philosophical discourses, contemporary or ancient, in his thought process.

Théroigne de Mericourt

From the study of the melancholic

Théroigne de Mericourt (1989), early feminist and famous case of the annals of French alienism – she has been 'gazed' by Jean-Étienne Esquirol in La Salpêtrière – Roudinesco think the French Revolution is a paradigm in the French situation of Freudianism. For Roudinesco, it was necessary to include the analysis of patients into the analysis of doctrines as a major constituting element of the discourses of psychopathology
.

Freudianism and politic

Roudinesco thinks that invariant conditions are required to introduce Freudian ideas and establish psychoanalytical movement in a given space. First, a psychiatric knowledge must have been previously constituted, namely a gaze over madness able to conceptualize the notion of mental illness to the detriment of explanation such as divine possession. Secondly, the existence of a rule of law capable of guaranteeing the free practice of transmission.

Whenever one or both of theses elements are lacking it explains why the establishment of Freudianism has not been possible (era of the world influenced by Islam or whom the organization is still tribal) or its disappearance (under totalitarian regime, nazism and communism). She notices that military dictatorship didn't refrain the expansion of psychoanalysis in South American (notably Brazil and Argentina). Roudinesco assesses that caudillo regimes didn't try to eradicate psychoanalysis as a "jewish science" as did Nazism in the years 1933–1944 nor as a "bourgeois science" as did communism over the period 1945–1989.[4]

Positions

Since 1997, she has expressed her opinions on various subjects. She talked about subjects such as laicity, cloning, and genetics. She fiercely criticized

INSERM
's reports of experts over psychotherapies, as the reports were critical of psychoanalysis.

Bibliography

Her book, a biography of

Université catholique de Louvain) Jacques Van Rillaer has produced a critical review of this book.[5]

Available in English

Available in Spanish

  • Diccionario de Psicoanalisis, con Michel Plon, 1998, Ediciones Paidos.
  • Pensar La Locura, Ensayos sobre Michel Foucault, con J.Postel y G. Canguilhem, 1999, Paidos Argentina.
  • Por Que El Psicoanalisis? 2000, Paidos Argentina.
  • Lacan – Esbozo de una vida, Historia de un sistema de pensamiento, 2000, Fondo De Cultura Economica USA.
  • La Familia en Desorden, 2003, Fondo De Cultura Economica USA.
  • El Paciente, El Terapeuta y El Estado, 2005, Siglo XXI.
  • Nuestro lado oscuro – oskuro,
    Anagrama
    cheto.

Available in French

  • Initiation à la linguistique générale, 1967, Paris, L'Expansion scientifique française.
  • Un Discours au réel : théorie de l'inconscient et politique de la psychanalyse, 1973, Tours, Mame.
  • L'Inconscient et ses lettres, 1975, Tours, Mame.
  • Pour une politique de la psychanalyse, 1977, Paris, La Découverte.
  • La Psychanalyse mère et chienne, avec H.Deluy, 1979, Paris, Union Générale d'Editions.
  • Théroigne de Méricourt. Une femme mélancolique sous la Révolution, 1989, Paris, Le Seuil.
  • Jacques Lacan. Esquisse d'une vie, histoire d'un système de pensée, 1993, Paris, Fayard.
  • Histoire de la psychanalyse en France, vol.1, 1994, Paris, Fayard.
  • Histoire de la psychanalyse en France, vol.2, 1994, Paris, Fayard.
  • Généalogies, 1994, Paris, Fayard.
  • Dictionnaire de la psychanalyse, avec Michel Plon, 1997, Paris, Fayard.
  • Pourquoi la psychanalyse?, 1999, Paris, Fayard.
  • Au-delà du conscient : histoire illustrée de la psychiatrie et de la psychanalyse, avec J.P. Bourgeron et P.Morel, 2000, Paris, Hazan.
  • L'Analyse, l'archive, 2001, Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
  • La Famille en désordre, 2002, Paris, Fayard.
  • Le Patient, le thérapeute et l'État, 2004, Paris, Fayard.
  • Philosophes dans la tourmente, 2005, Paris, Fayard.
  • La part obscure de nous-mêmes – Une histoire des pervers, Albin Michel, Paris, 2007.
  • Retour sur la question juive, Albin Michel, Paris, 2009.

Available in Italian

  • Jacques Lacan : profilo di una vita, storia di un sistema di pensiero, Milano: R. Cortina, 1995.
  • Perché la Psicanalisi? prefazione di Giancarlo Ricci, Roma: Editori Riuniti, 2000.
  • Quale domani...? con Jacques Derrida, Torino : Bollati Boringhieri, 2004.
  • Antropologia della cura, A cura di Elisabeth Roudinesco e Roberto Beneduce, Bollati Boringhieri, 2005
  • Antropologia e Psicanalisi. Vol. I Etnopsicanalisi. Temi e protagonisti di un dialogo incompiuto. Vol. II Antropologia della cura, Torino, Bollati Boringhieri, 2005. A cura di Elisabeth Roudinesco e Roberto Beneduce.
  • La famiglia in disordine, Roma : Meltemi, 2006.
  • La parte oscura di noi stessi.Una storia dei perversi, Colla Editore 2008

Available in German

  • Die Geschichte der Psychoanalyse in Frankreich. Band I, 1994
  • Die Geschichte der Psychoanalyse in Frankreich. Band II, 1998
  • Jacques Lacan. Bericht über ein Leben. Geschichte eines Denksystems, 1996, Kiepenheuer & Witsch.
  • Wozu Psychoanalyse?, 2002, Klett-Cotta.
  • Wörterbuch der Psychoanalyse, 2004, Wien, Springer.
  • Woraus wird Morgen gemacht sein? Ein Dialog, J.Derrida, 2006, Klett-Cotta.

Available in Portuguese

  • Jacques Lacan, Zahar, 1994.
  • Théroigne de Méricourt – Uma Mulher Melancólica durante a Revolução, Zahar, 1997.
  • Dicionario de psicanalise, Michel Plon, Zahar, 1998.
  • De Que Amanhã..., Jacques Derrida, Zahar, 2004.
  • Filósofos na tormenta, Canguilhem, Sartre, Foucault, Althusser, Deleuze e Derrida, Zahar, 2008.
  • A Parte Obscura de Nós Mesmo, Zahar, 2009.
  • Retorno à Questão Judaica, Zahar, 2010.
  • Lacan, a Despeito de Tudo e de Todos, Zahar, 2011.

Available in Polish

  • Elisabeth Roudinesco, Jacques Lacan. Jego życie i myśl, Wydawnictwo KR, Warszawa 2005.

Critical literature

  • Nathalie Jaudel
    • Roudinesco, plagiaire de soi-même (suivi de : Lacan, Maurras et les Juifs). Éditions Navarin, Paris, 2011
    • La légende noire de Jacques Lacan : Élisabeth Roudinesco et sa méthode historique. Éditions Navarin, Paris, 2014

See also

References

  1. ^ Freud: In His Time and Ours, by Élisabeth Roudinesco (review). By Janet Sayers. Times Higher Education, November 10, 2016.
  2. ^ Roudinesco, L'inconscient et ses lettres, Mame, 1979
  3. ^ a b c Partially based on Roudinesco, Généalogies, Paris, Fayard, 1994.
  4. ^ Partially based on « Parcours de recherche: Élisabeth Roudinesco », Entretien avec Frédéric Gros et Franck Chaumon. Raisons politiques, 2007/1 nº 25 (in French).
  5. ^ (in French) Sigmund Freud en son temps et dans le nôtre, Seuil, 2014 - Note de lecture de Jacques Van Rillaer
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