1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election
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All 375 seats in the Legislature of Madras State 188 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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The first legislative assembly Election to the
Madras state based on universal adult suffrage was held in 27 March 1952. This was the first election held in Madras state after the Indian Independence
. This election was officially known as the 1951 Madras State Election, even though through delays, actual voting didn't take place until early 1952.
No single party obtained a simple majority to form an independent government.
Hereditary education policy, Rajaji resigned in 1954. In the ensuing leadership struggle, Kamaraj defeated Rajaji's chosen successor C. Subramaniam
and became the Chief Minister on 31 March 1954.
Background
Factionalism in Congress
In the years after the
Omandur Ramaswamy Reddiar, Kamaraj's nominee, became the Chief Minister. When Reddiar showed signs of independence, Kamaraj engineered his removal by a vote of no confidence in Congress Legislature Party on 31 March 1949. P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja, the next Chief Minister who formed the Government on 6 April 1949 was believed to be a stooge of Kamaraj. He retained the chiefministership till the 1952 election when he lost his seat in Srivilliputhur constituency.[1][2] The main factions within the Madras Congress Party during this period were: 1) the Andhra (Prakasam) faction, 2) the Rajaji faction 3) Kamaraj faction (Tamil non-Brahmin members) and 4)the Bezawada Gopala Reddy and Kala Venkata Rao faction supported by the All India Congress Committee president Pattabhi Sitaramayya[3]
The Prakasam faction later split from the Congress to form the Hyderabad State Praja Party. The party merged with the Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party in June 1951.
Communists in electoral process
In 1951, the
Tanjore in Tamil Nadu where they were supported by the Dravidar Kazhagam.[9]
Split in the Dravidian Movement
The
Dravidistan- a separate state for Dravidians.[10][11] Some of the old guard of the Justice party, which had been renamed as Dravidar Kazhagam in 1944, refused to accept Periyar's leadership. Led by P. T. Rajan
, they insisted they were still the real Justice party and contested the 1952 elections under the "Scales" symbol.
Constituencies
According to the Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies (Madras) Order, 1951, made by the President under sections 6 and 9 of the Representation of the People Act, 1950, the Madras Legislative Assembly consisted of 375 seats to be filled by election, distributed in 309 constituencies and 62 two-member constituencies in each of which a seat had been reserved for Scheduled Castes and four two-member constituencies in each of which a seat had been reserved for Scheduled Tribes. Three seats were uncontested. The elections were conducted for the remaining 372 seats.[12]
The two member constituencies were established in accordance to Article 332 of the
Scheduled Tribe candidates.[14] These constituencies were larger in size and had greater number of voters (more than 1,00,000)[15]
when compared to general constituencies. Two separate list of candidates, a general list and a reserved list, contested in those constituencies. Each voter had to cast two votes – one for each list.
The two winners were chosen as follows:
- Reserved Member – Candidate with the most votes among the reserved (SC/ST) list candidates
- General Member – Candidate with the most votes among the rest of the candidates excluding the Reserved Member (including both reserved and general lists).
This system led to anomalies. In some cases like the Coimbatore – II constituency in the
1957 election, both elected members belonged to the reserved list – the candidate with second highest number of votes in reserved list secured more votes than the highest vote getter in the general list. Multiple members were elected only in the 1952 and 1957 elections as double member representation was abolished in 1961 by the enactment of Two-Member Constituencies Abolition Act (1961).[16]
Political parties
The main opponents for the Congress in Madras were the CPI, Prakasam's
Arcot districts. The candidates they backed had to sign a pledge to support DMK's agenda in the legislative assembly.[10][17] The Dravidar Kazhagam also did not participate directly in the election. However, it supported the Communists in an effort to defeat the Indian National Congress which it claimed was a Brahmin dominated party. It also supported a number of other parties and Independents in the election.[9][18] The Justice party, led by P. T. Rajan
contested in nine seats.
Election
Polling was held on 27 March 1952.[19] In all, 2,507 persons filed their nominations-2,472 men and 35 women. Of these, the nominations were rejected in respect of 79 candidates-78 men and one woman. Seven hundred and fifty-one candidates withdrew their nominations in time-741 men and 10 women.[12]
Results
| ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Political party | Flag | Seats Contested |
Won | % of Seats |
Votes | Vote % | Govt. Formation | |
| Indian National Congress | 
|
367 | 152 | 40.53 | 69,88,701 | 34.88 | Leading Party | |
| Socialist Party | 163 | 13 | 3.47 | 12,99,282 | 6.48 | |||
| Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party | 148 | 35 | 9.33 | 18,03,377 | 9.00 | **Full support | ||
| Communist Party of India | 
|
131 | 62 | 16.53 | 26,40,337 | 13.18 | ||
| Krishikar Lok Party# | 63 | 15 | 4.00 | 6,29,893 | 3.14 | *Outside support, joined the cabinet in 1954 | ||
| Republican Party of India | 
|
37 | 2 | 0.53 | 3,39,680 | 1.70 | ||
| Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party* | 34 | 19 | 5.07 | 8,52,330 | 4.25 | |||
| Commonweal Party** | 13 | 6 | 1.60 | 2,18,288 | 1.09 | |||
Madras State Muslim League Party **
|
|
13 | 5 | 1.33 | 1,86,546 | 0.93 | #3 KLP legislators and 15 Independents joined Congress | |
| Justice Party | 9 | 1 | 0.27 | 82,231 | 0.41 | |||
| All India Forward Bloc | 6 | 3 | 0.80 | 1,38,203 | 0.69 | |||
| Independent# | 667 | 62 | 16.53 | 47,58,768 | 23.75 | |||
| Total seats | 375 | Voters | 3,66,00,615 | Turnout | 2,00,38,423 (54.75%) | |||
Government formation
Election of C. Rajagopalachari
The composite Madras State then included parts of
Kumaraswami Raja, the incumbent Chief Minister lost the election along with five members of his cabinet (Bezawada Gopala Reddy, Kala Venkata Rao, K. Chandramouli, K. Madhava Menon and M. Bhaktavatsalam).[20][21]
A large number of CPI members were elected from Andhra region of Madras state which had for some years demanded a separate state for Telugu speaking areas. In February 1952, the non-congress members convened under T. Prakasam, leader of the KMPP, at Madras to form the United Democratic Front (UDF) and issued a "Common Minimum Program". They claimed to control 166 seats (CPI and CPI backed independents – 70, KMPP – 36, Tamil Nadu Toilers Party – 19, Commonweal party – 6, FBL (MG) – 3, SCF – 1, JUSP −1 and Independents – 30). Prakasam wrote to the Governor Sri Prakasa staking his claim to form the Government as the leader of the single largest formation. The Congress did not want the Communists taking power or to impose Governor's rule in the state. It brought Rajaji out of retirement to form the Government as a consensus candidate.[20][22][23][24] Kamaraj, President of the Madras Provincial Congress Committee was of the opinion that the UDF should be allowed to form the Government as he had predicted the weak coalition might eventually fall apart. However other leaders such as T. T. Krishnamachari and Ramnath Goenka wanted Rajaji to be nominated to form the Government.[25]
Rajaji was invited by Sri Prakasa to form the Government on 1 April 1952 and was sworn in on 10 April 1952. He refused to run for a by-election and the Governor nominated him for the assembly's upper house (Legislative Council). It was considered to be a "constitutional impropriety" as the nomination of a member to the Council could be done only at the recommendation of the cabinet. But in this case, the Governor acted unilaterally when no cabinet had been formed yet.Speaker of the assembly, J. Shivashanmugam Pillai of the Congress was reelected as the Speaker defeating independent MLA Swayamprakasam by 206 votes to 162.[27] On 3 July, Rajaji was able to win a vote of confidence with the support of 200 members with 151 opposing (and 1 neutral).[28][29][30][31] This was the first time such a "confidence motion" was moved in any legislature in India.[32] He was able to secure the majority by engineering a series of defections from the UDF and with the help of other parties:
- The support of the 6 members of
- Many independents joined Congress and became Congress Legislators. The strength of the Congress Legislative Party (CLP) which was 152 on 1 April 1952, increased to 165 by 3 May and to 167 by 30 September.[35]
- Rajaji split the Krishikar Lok Party and KLP legislators P. Thimma Reddy, Neeladri Rao Reddy and Kumisetti Venkatanarayana Dora joined the Congress.[36][37]
- The 5 members of the Madras State Muslim League provided their support to congress to prevent the communists from gaining power.[38]
Election of K. Kamaraj
Andhra State was formed from the Telugu-speaking regions of Madras State after a widespread agitation in 1953. The Madras assembly was reduced from 375 to 230, 140 members going to Andhra and 5 to Mysore with the Congress Party controlling 118 seats; an outright majority.[28] This strengthened the positions of non-Brahmin Congress forces under the leadership of K. Kamaraj. He ousted Rajaji on 31 March 1954 and was elected the leader of Congress Legislative Party. Kamaraj consolidated his position by offering ministerial position to leaders of Tamil Nadu Toilers Party and Commonweal Party. This event marked the end of Brahmin domination in Tamil Nadu Congress.[39]
Impact
Kamaraj resigned his presidency of the Provincial Congress Committee owning responsibility for the election loss and was soon replaced by P. Subbarayan.Legislative Council was challenged in the Madras High Court by P. Ramamurthi, the CPI MLA from Madurai North Constituency. Chief Justice Rajamannar and Justice Venkatarama Ayyar, who heard the public interest writ petition declined to intervene by opining that "the court could not decide political rights or enforce public interest or constitutional conventions".[40] This precedent set by Governor Prakasa became the first among a long list of constitutional improprieties committed by governors to help the party in power in the central government. The Sarkaria Commission established in 1983 to examine the balance of power between state and central governments remarked on the precedent that the "Governor's task is to see that a government is formed and not to try to form a government which will pursue the policies he approves".[26]
Cabinet
Rajagopalachari's Cabinet
| Minister | Portfolio[41] |
|---|---|
| C. Rajagopalachari | Chief Minister, Public and Police |
| A. B. Shetty | Health |
C. Subramaniam
|
Finance, Food and Elections |
K. Venkataswamy Naidu
|
Religious Endowments and Registration |
| N. Ranga Reddi | Public Works |
M. V. Krishna Rao
|
Education, Harijan Uplift and Information |
| V. C. Palanisami Gounder | Prohibition |
| U. Krishna Rao | Industries, Labour, Motor Transport, Railways, Posts, Telegraphs and Civil Aviation |
| R. Nagana Gowda | Agriculture, Forests, veterinary, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries and Cinchona |
| N. Sankara Reddi | Local Administration |
| M. A. Manickavelu Naicker | Land Revenue |
| K. P. Kuttikrishnan Nair | Courts, Prisons and Legal Department |
| Raja Sri Shanmuga Rajeswara Sethupathi | House Rent Control |
| S. B. P. Pattabhirama Rao | Rural Welfare, Commercial Taxes and Scheduled areas |
D. Sanjeevayya
|
Cooperation and Housing |
- Changes
- Ministers belonging to Bellary and Andhra constituencies (Naganna Gowda, Sankara Reddi, Pattabirama Rao, Sanjeevayya and Ranga Reddi) stepped down on 30 September 1953, a day before Andhra State split to form a separate state.[42] The portfolios of Agriculture, Forests, Fisheries, Cinchona, Rural Welfare, Community Projects and National Extension Schemes were handed over to M. Bhaktavatsalam on 9 October 1953. Jothi Venkatachalam was made minister for Prohibition and Women's Welfare. K. Rajaram Naidu became the Minister for Local Administration. C. Subramaniam was given the additional portfolios of education, information and publicity. V. C. Palaniswamy Gounder was put in charge of Veterinary, Animal Husbandry and Harijan welfare.[43]
Kamaraj's Cabinet
Members of cabinet who served between 13 April 1954 – 13 April 1957 under the Chief Ministership of Kamraj are
| Minister | Portfolio |
|---|---|
| K. Kamaraj | Chief Minister; Minister of Public and Police in the Home Department |
| A. B. Shetty | Minister in charge of medical and public health, cooperation, housing and ex-servicemen |
| M. Bhaktavatsalam | Minister in charge of Agriculture, Forests, Fisheries, Cinchona, Rural Welfare, Community Projects, National Extension Scheme, Women's Welfare, Industries and Labour and Animal Husbandry and Veterinary |
C. Subramaniam
|
Minister in charge of Finance, Food, Education, Elections and Information and Publicity and Law (Courts and Prisons) |
| M. A. Manickavelu Naicker | Minister in charge of Land Revenue and Commercial Taxes and Rural Development. |
| Raja Sri Shanmuga Rajeswara Sethupathi | Minister in charge of Public Works, Accommodation Control, Engineering Colleges, Stationery and Printing including Establishment questions of the Stationery Department and the Government Press |
| B. Parameswaran | Minister in charge of Transport, Harijan Uplift, Hindu Religious Endowments, Registration and Prohibition |
S. S. Ramasami Padayachi
|
Minister in charge of Local Administration |
- Changes
- Following the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, A. B. Shetty quit the Ministry on 1 March 1956 and his portfolio was shared between other ministers in the cabinet.
List of elected members
Tamil Nadu
Election results from constituencies which would later become part of
Mysore state
are listed here.
| * | Non-elected Chief Minister of Madras State |
| Constituency | Winner | Party | Runner-up | Party |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominated | C. Rajagopalachari | INC | ||
| Adirampattinam | S. Venkatarama Iyer | INC | K. Muthiah | CPI |
| Aduthurai | Narayanaswami Naidu
|
INC | Samiappa Mudaliar | JUSP |
| Alangulam | Chinnathambi
|
INC | Thangarathnasamy Nadar | IND
|
| Ambasamudram | P. Chockalingam | IND
|
Lakshmisankara Iyer | INC |
| Arakkonam | Bhakthavathsalu Naidu
|
IND
|
Vedachalam | INC |
| Arantangi | Mahamad Salihu Maraicair | INC | Ramaswamy Thevar | IND
|
| Arcot | S. Panchaksharam Chettiar | INC | Nagarathinam | CWP |
| Aravakurichi | N. Rathina Gounder | IND
|
T. M. Nallaswamy | INC |
| Ariyalur | Palaniandi | IND
|
Razar | INC |
| Arni | V. K. Kannan | CWP | W. S. Srinivasa Rao | INC |
| Aruppukottai | Jayarama Reddiar | INC | M. D. Ramaswami | IND
|
| Authoor | Soundaram Ramachandran | INC | V. S. S. Mani Chettiar | IND
|
| Attur | P. Subramaniam | IND
|
P. Sellamuthu Padayachi | INC |
| Chengalpattu | K. Vinayakam | KMPP | V. L. Raja | INC |
| Bhavani | B. K. Nallaswami | INC | N. Palaniswamy Gounder | TTP
|
| Bhuvanagiri | V. Krishnaswamy Padayachi | INC | S. Tiruvenkata Nainar | TTP
|
| Chengam | Ramaswami Gounder | CWP | Muthukrishna Chettiar | INC |
| Cheranmahadevi | S. Chellapandi | INC | S. Dasaratharam | SP |
| Cheyyar | Dharmalinga Nayakar | CWP | P. Ramachandran | INC |
| Chidambaram | 1) Vagheesan Pillai
|
INC INC |
3) Swamikannu 4) Sivasubramanian |
TTP TTP |
| Choolai | Sebastian Cyril Constantine Anthony Pillai | SP | D. K. Kannappar | INC |
| Coimbatore | C. Subramaniam
|
INC | C. P. Kandaswamy | CPI |
| Cuddalore | 1) Rathinam 2) Sivachidambara Ramaswami Padayachi
|
TTP TTP |
3) Srinivasa Padayachi 4) Ganesan |
INC INC |
| Cumbum | P. T. Rajan | JUSP | S. K. Ahmed Meeran | INC |
| Dharapuram | Senapathi Gounder | IND
|
Nataraja Gounder | INC |
Dharmapuri
|
P. R. Rajagopla Gounder | IND
|
R. S. Veerappa Chettiar | IND
|
| Dindigul | Munisamy Pillai | INC | A. Balasubramaniam | CPI |
| Edappadi | S. Arthanareeswara Gounder
|
INC | S. Marimuthu Gounder | TTP
|
| Edirkottai | R. Krishnasamy Naidu | INC | Muthuramanujam | IND
|
| Erode | Raju | CPI | Deivasigamani Gounder | INC |
| Gingee | Aranganathan | TTP
|
K. Ramakrishnaswamy Pillai | INC |
| Gopichettipalayam | P. S. Nalla Gounder | INC | P. K. Nalla Gounder | IND
|
| Gudiyatham | 1) A. J. Arunachala Mudaliar 3) Rathnaswamy |
INC | 2) P. S. Rajagopala Naidu 4) Kannabiran |
IND CPI |
| Harbour | Krishna Rao | INC | Ibrahim Sahib | IND
|
| Harur | 1) A. Duraiswami Gounder 2) Nanjappan |
IND INC |
3) Sambasiva Reddy 4) Mariappan |
INC SCF |
| Hosur | M. Muni Reddy | IND
|
K. Appavu Pillai | INC |
| Jayankondan | 1) Ayyavu 2) K. R. Viswanathan |
TTP TTP |
3) Muthukumaraswamy Mudaliar 4) Raghupathi |
INC INC |
| Kadambur | Venugopala Krishnaswamy | INC | Subbiah Naicker | IND
|
| Kalasapakkam | Nataraja Mudaliar | IND
|
Periasami Gounder | INC |
| Kallakurichi | 1) Elaya Pillai 2) Anandan |
IND INC |
3) Govindan 4) Parthasarathy |
TTP INC |
| Kancheepuram | Deivasigamani | KMPP | P. S. Srinivasan | INC |
| Kangayam | A. K. Subbaraya Gounder | INC | Not contested | Not contested |
| Karaikudi | Chockalingam Chettiar | INC | Mahalingam Chettiar | IND
|
| Karur | 1) M. Manickasundaram 3) T. V. Sannasi |
IND INC |
2) S. Muthusamy Gounder 4) Vadivel Moopan |
INC IND |
| Kodumudi | Nallasivan | SP | Makutapathy Gounder | INC |
| Koilpalaya | V. K. Palaniswamy Gounder | INC | Ramaswamy Naidu | SP |
| Kovilpatti | Ramasamy | INC | Shanmugham | IND
|
| Krishnagiri | D. Krishnamoorthy Gounder | IND
|
S. Nagaraia Maniar | INC |
| Kumbakonam | Varadan | INC | Somu Rao | CPI |
| Lalgudi | Raja Chidambaram | IND
|
Varadarajan | INC |
| Manamadurai | Krishnaswami Ayyangar
|
INC | Abdul Gafoor | CPI |
| Madukkarai | R. Kuppuswami | INC | Chinnadurai | SP |
| Madurai North | P. Ramamoorthy | CPI | T. Chidambara Bharathi | INC |
| Madurai South | T. K. Rama | INC | A. Dharmaraj Santhosam | IND
|
| Madurantakam | 1) B. Parameswaran 2) V. Venkatasubba Reddi |
INC INC |
3) K. Muthulinga Reddiar 4) Kothandarama Reddiar |
REP SP |
| Manachanallur | Rajagopal | INC | Arunachalam | IND
|
Manapparai
|
Antony Peter | INC | Kulandaivel | IND
|
| Mannargudi | 1) M. Kandaswami 3) Subbiah |
CPI CPI |
2) Ramachandra Naidu 4) Thiagu Voikarar |
INC INC |
| Mayuram | 1) K. R. Sambandan 2) A. Veloo |
IND IND |
K. Pitchai N. Rangaswami Reddiar |
INC INC |
| Mecheri | S. Subramania Gounder | INC | M. Kandasamy Kandan | IND
|
| Melmalayur | V. Gopala Gounder | TTP
|
K. Gopala Gounder | INC |
| Melur | 1) S. Chinnakaruppa Thevar 2) P. Sivaprakasam |
INC INC |
3) B. Ponnuchami Ambalam 4) K. Veerana Veduvan |
FBL(MG) CPI |
| Mettupalayam | Kempi Gounder | IND
|
Azad Abdul Salam | INC |
| Mudukulathur | 1) U. Muthuramalingam Thevar
|
FBL(MG) FBL(MG) |
3) Sankaran 4) Shanmuga Sundaram |
INC |
| Musiri | Thangavelu | IND
|
M. P. Krishnaswami | INC |
| Mylapore | C. R. Ramaswamy | INC | Krishnamurthi | IND
|
| Nagapattinam | 1) Sivaraj 2) Vadivelu |
CPI CPI |
3) Duraisamy 4) Shanmugasundaram Pillai |
INC INC |
| Namakkal | 1) K. V. Ramaswamy 2) M. P. Periaswami |
CPI INC |
3) T. Sivagnanam Pillai 4) S. Chinnayan |
INC IND |
| Nambiyur | 1) P. G. Karuthiruman 2) P. G. Manickam |
INC INC |
3) C. K. Subramaniam Gounder 4) K. A. Palaniappan |
IND SCF |
| Nanguneri | M. G. Sankar Reddiyar | INC | Madaswamy | IND
|
| Nannilam | 1) Thyagaraja Pillai
|
INC INC |
3) Anthony Muthu 4) Kalyanasundaram Pillai |
CPI CPI |
| Nidamangalam | Venkatesa Sholagar | CPI | Sambasiva Ayyar | INC |
| Nilakottai | 1) Ayyanar 2) Muthu Thevar |
INC INC |
3) Ponniah Konar 4) Govindan |
IND SP |
| Nilgiris | 1) Ari Gowder 2) K. H. Bomman |
IND INC |
3) R. Raman Nair 4) C. P. Krishnaiah |
INC IND |
| Oddanchatram | Subramanya Lakshmipathy Naicker | IND
|
K. Karuthappa Gounder | INC |
| Omalur | P. Rathinaswami Pillai | IND
|
K. Nanjappa Chettiar | INC |
| Panruti | S. Radhakrishnan | TTP
|
P. A. Ranganatha Padayachi | INC |
| Palani | M. P. Mangala Gounder | IND
|
P. S. K. Lakshmipathi Raju | INC |
| Palavoor | T. Ganapathy | INC | N. Duraipandi | KMPP |
| Papanasam | Swayamprakasam | IND
|
Abdul Majid Sahib | INC |
| Paramakudi | Govindan
|
INC | Natarajan | CPI |
| Paramathy | R. Rangaswami Gounder | IND
|
P. V. Kuppayandi Pillai | INC |
| Pattukottai | Nadimuthu Pillai | INC | Marimuthu | SP |
| Pennagaram | S. Kandaswami Gounder | TTP
|
M. N. Raja Chettiar | IND
|
| Perambalur | 1) Paramasivam 3) Palanimuthu |
IND TTP |
2) Thangavelu 4) Pariannan |
TTP IND |
| Perambur | S. Pakkirisami Pillai
|
SP | M. Santhosam | INC |
| Periyakulam | 1) V. Muthu 2) Mookayya Thevar |
INC FBL(MG) |
3) N. R. Thyagarajan 4) Ponnuchami |
INC SP |
| Pollachi | 1) N. Mahalingam 2) P. K. Thirumurthy |
INC INC |
3) Marudachalam 4) Palanisami |
CPI CPI |
| Polur | Manickavelu Naicker | CWP | Annamalai Chetty | INC |
| Ponneri | 1) O. Chengam Pillai 2) Gajapathi Reddiar |
KMPP KMPP |
3) M. Bhaktavatsalam 4) C. Lakshmana Pillai |
INC INC |
| Pudukkottai | Balakrishnan | TTP
|
Natesan Ambalakkarar | INC |
| Ramanathapuram | Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathy
|
INC | Rajamanickam | CPI |
| Ranipet | Kadir Sheriff | INC | Munuswami Gounder | CWP |
| Rasipuram | T. M. Kaliannan
|
INC | K. Ramaswamy | IND
|
| Saidapet | 1) T. P. Elumalai 2) N. Ramakrishna Iyer |
INC INC |
3) R. Kannan 4) M. S. Gnanaprakasam |
REP KMPP |
| Salem Rural | C. Lakshma Kandan | INC | A. Subramaniam | TTP
|
| Salem Town | Varadarajulu Naidu | INC | Mohan Kumaramangalam | CPI |
| Saliyamangalam | Samia Koorayar | IND
|
Krishnaswami Vanayar | INC |
| Sankaranarayanar Kovil | 1) Urkavalan
|
IND INC |
2) K. Sattanatha Karayalar 4) O. Sappani |
INC IND |
| Sathankulam | Kosalram | IND
|
Meganathan | IND
|
| Sattur | S. Ramaswami Naidu
|
INC | Rajarathnam | IND
|
| Sedapatti | Thinakaraswami Thevar | INC | Kamana Thevar | SP |
| Sholinghur | M. Subramanya Naicker | CWP | V. M. Ramaswamy Mudaliar | INC |
| Sirkazhi | C. Muthia Pillai
|
INC | K. Swamithurai Annagar | CPI |
| Sivaganga | R. V. Swaminathan | INC | Velayutham Chettiar | KMPP |
| Sriperumbudur | T. Shanmugam | IND
|
Seshachari | INC |
| Srirangam | Chitrambalam | CPI | Srinivasan | INC |
| Srivilliputhur | 1) D. K. Raja 3) A. Vaikuntam |
IND INC |
2) P. S. Kumaraswami Raja 4) K. Arumugha Perumal |
INC IND |
| Talavasal | A. Sambasivam | INC | M. Gopala Chetty | IND
|
| Tenkasi | Subramaniam Pillai | INC | Sevagupandia Thevar | IND
|
| Thanjavur | 1) M. Marimuthu 2) S. Ramalingam |
INC CPI |
3) R. Swaminatha Mercondar 4) R. Shanmugan |
INC IND |
Thirumangalam
|
K. Rajaram | INC | T. Manickavasakam | KMPP |
| Thondamuthur | Palaniswami Gounder | INC | Perumal | SP |
| Thousand lights | 1) Venkataswami Naidu 2) Sivashanmugam Pillai |
INC IND |
3) Indirani Balasubramaniam 4) Marthandam Pillai |
JUSP SP |
| Thuraiyur | P. Rangaswami Reddiar | IND
|
A. V. Rangaswami | INC |
| Tindivanam | 1) M. Jagannathan 2) Venugopala Gounder |
TTP TTP |
3) Balasundaram 4) Venkatakrishna Reddiar |
INC INC |
| Tiruchendur | 1) Adityan 2) V. Arumugam |
KMPP INC |
3) Subramanya Adithan 4) Pitchu |
INC SP |
| Tiruchengode | 1) S. Arumugham 2) T. S. Arthanari |
IND CPI |
3) Radhabai Subbarayan 4) V. K. Ramaswamy |
INC INC |
Tiruchirapalli (North)
|
M. Kalayanasundaram
|
CPI | G. Ramaswami | INC |
Tiruchirapalli (South)
|
Ramasamy | INC | Vaiyapuri Sholayar | IND
|
| Tirukkoyilur | 1) T. D. Muthukumaraswamy Naidu 2) A. Muthuswami |
TTP TTP |
3) Kulasekara Dass 4) M. Rajagopal |
INC INC |
| Tirumayam | 1) Palaniyappan 3) Chinnayyaa |
INC TTP |
2) Avudayappan Ambalakkarar 4) Sambasiva Moopan |
KMPP INC |
| Tirunelveli | 1) Arumugan 2) S. N. Somayajulu |
INC INC |
3) P. S. Subramania Pillai 4) Shanmugam |
IND CPI |
| Tiruppur | Arumugam Rangaswami Naidu |
INC | Mathivanam Ramaswami |
CPI |
| Tirupattur (41) | E. L. Raghava Mudali | IND
|
R. C. Samanna Gounder | INC |
| Tiruppattur 194 | Muthiah Chettiar | IND
|
Veerabhadran | CPI |
| Tirupporur | M. R. Ramachandran | INC | S. Murugesa Mudaliar | REP |
| Thiruvadanai | Chelladurai | IND
|
Arumugam Servai | INC |
| Tiruvallur | 1) M. Dharmalingam 2) V. Govindaswamy Naidu |
KMPP KMPP |
3) N. Eagambara Mudaliar 4) V. S. Arunachalam |
INC INC |
| Thiruvannamalai | 1) Ramachandra Reddiar 2) Thangavelu |
INC INC |
3) Vadivelu Gounder 4) T. V. Devaraja Mudaliar |
CWP IND |
| Triplicane | A. M. Sambandam | INC | M. S. Abdul Majeed | IND
|
| Tuticorin | J. L. P. Roche Victoria | INC | K. V. P. Swamy | IND
|
| Uddanappalli | P. N. Munuswamy | INC | A. N. Nallappa Reddy | KMPP |
| Udumalpet | Mounaguruswami Naidu | INC | Thangavelu | CPI |
| Ulundurpet | M. Kandaswamy Padayachi | INC | Natesa Gounder | TTP
|
| Uthamapalayam | A. S. Subbaraj | INC | Muthaiah | SP |
| Uthiramerur | V. K. Ramaswami Mudaliar | INC | Duraisami Naicker | KMPP |
| Uthukuli | Palaniswami | IND
|
Kandasami Gounder | INC |
| Vadamadurai | Chinnaswamy Naidu | INC | Srinivasan | SP |
| Valappady | P. Kandasamy Gounder | IND
|
B. A. Rajarathnam | INC |
| Vandavasi | 1) Somasundara Gounder 2) Dasarathnam |
CWP SCF |
3) Ramanuja Reddiar 4) Velayuthapani |
INC INC |
| Vaniyambadi | A. K. Hanumantharaya Gounder | IND
|
M. Erusan | CWP |
| Vedasandur | V. Madanagopal | CPI | M. R. Krishnaswamy Reddiar | INC |
| Vellore | 1) A. K. Masilamani Chettiar 3) H. M. Jagnanathan |
INC INC |
2) R. Radhakrishnan 4) K. R. Sundaram |
CWP CPI |
| Vikravandi | Govindaswamy Nayagar | TTP
|
Bashyam Reddiar | INC |
| Vilathikulam | P. Selvaraj | INC | Sankaralingam | IND
|
| Villupuram | Nagarajan | TTP
|
S. D. Chinnas | INC |
| Virudhunagar | V. V. Ramaswamy
|
IND
|
Sankarapandia Nadar | INC |
| Vridachalam | 1) Paramasivam 3) Kathimuthu |
TTP TTP |
2) Narayanaswamy Pillai 4) Vedamanickam |
INC INC |
| Wasermanpet | Jeevanandam
|
CPI | Radhakrishnan Pillai | INC |
Andhra
| Constituency | Winner | Party | Runner-up | Party |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salur | Kumisetti Venkatanarayana Dora | KLP | Alur Yorukumaiudu | INC |
| Cheepurupalli | Thaddi Chinna Atchanaidu | IND
|
Mudundi Satyanarayanaraju | IND
|
| Bobbili | Kolli Venkata Kuruni Naidu | SP | Kothagiri Seetharamaswami | INC |
| Parvathipuram | Vyricherla Durgaprasad Veerabhadra Deo Bahadur | INC | Cheekati Parasuram Naidu | KLP |
| Srikakulam | Killi Appala Naidu | KLP | Kavali Narayana | KLP |
| Honjaram | Peesuputi Pundareekakshacharyulu | KLP | Chelikani Sreeranganayakulu | IND
|
| Palakonda | Palavasa Sangam Naiudu | INC | Moosala Rajaratnam Naiudu | KLP |
| Narasannapeta | H. Satyanarayana Dora | INC | Kasira Basava Raju | KMPP |
| Pathapatnam | Lukulapu Lakshmanadas | INC | Darapu Govindarajulu | CPI |
| Tekkali | Rokkam Lakshmi Narasimham Dora | IND
|
Bandi Kurmanna | INC |
| Sompeta | Gouthu Latchanna | KLP | Pothuru Swamy Babu | INC |
| Ichapuram | Neeladri Rao Reddy | KLP | Harihara Patnaik | IND
|
| Vizianagaram | Pusapati Vijayarama Gajapati Raju | SP | Gantlana Suryanarayana | SP |
| Bheemunipatnam | Kaligotla Suryanarayana | IND
|
J. V. K. Vallabha Rao | CPI |
| Alamanda | K. V. Padmanabha Raju | SP | G. B. Appa Rao | INC |
| Srungavarapukota | C. V. Somayajulu | SP | T. Venkataramanayya | INC |
| Chodavaram | Kandarpa Venkataramesam | KLP | Bhupathiraju Satyanarayana Raju | INC |
| Madugole | Bhojinki Gangayya Naidu | KLP | Ilapakurthy Satyanarayana | INC |
| Visakhapatnam | Tenneti Viswanatham
|
KMPP | S. Appala Nayudu | IND
|
| Paravada | Mullapadi Veerabhadram | CPI | Gothimukkla Jagannatha Raju | IND
|
Anakapalle
|
Koduganti Govinda Rao | CPI | Villuri Venkataramana | KLP |
| Yelamanchili | Pappala Bapunaiudu | KLP | Missule Suryanarayanamoorthy | INC |
| Payakaraopeta | Raja Sagi Suryanarayana Raju | IND
|
Sunkari Appala Naiudu | INC |
| Golugonda | 1) Killada Ramamurthy 2) Kankipatti Veerana Padal |
KLP KLP |
Puthala Latdha Patrudu | INC |
| Bhadrachalam | 1) Karam Bapanna Dora 2) Y. Venkata Krishna Rao |
KMPP KMPP |
1) Varsavyi Venkata Thirupathi Raju 2) Sivasam Bojji Dora |
|
| Tuni | Raja Vatsavaya Venkata Krishnam Raju Bahadur | INC | Yenumula Venkanna Dora | KMPP |
| Pithapuram | R. V. Jagga Rao | CPI | R. Atachayya Rao | INC |
| Peddapuram | Thota Ramaswami | INC | D. V. Subba Rao | IND
|
| Burugupudi | N. Venkatarama Rao | KLP | Marina Narasanna | INC |
| Rajamundry | Chitturi Prabhakara Chowdary | CPI | K. L. Narasimha Rao | INC |
| Kakinada | Chittajallu Venkata Krishna Rao | CPI | Kanteti Mohana Rao | CPI |
| Ramachandrapuram | Kakarlapudi Rajagopalanarasaraju | KMPP | Mallipudi Pallanraju | INC |
| Anaparti | Padala Satyanarayana Reddi | INC | P. Venkata Rao | CPI |
| Pamarru | S. B. P. Pattabhi Rama Rao | INC | P. Panasaramanna | CPI |
| Amalapuram | Nadimpalli Ramabhadra Raju | KMPP | Bojja Appalaswami | SCF |
| Razole | Alluri Venkataramaraju and Ganji Nagaswara Rao | CPI | Akula Buliswami | KMPP |
| Chintalapudi | Motaparithi Kunerao | CPI | Kamadana Venkatarama Surya Prakasa Rao | INC |
| Eluru | Garapaty Satyanarayana | CPI | Mulpuri Rengayya | INC |
| Tadepalligudem | C. S. Varaparasadamurthiraju | INC | Kilambi Venkata Krishnavataram | KMPP |
| Alampuram | Pasala Suryachandra Rao | KMPP | Thumalapalli Satyanarayanamurthy | INC |
| Undi | Dantuluri Narayana Raju | INC | Gottumukkala Venkata Raju | CPI |
| Bhimavaram | Bhupathiraju Subbaraju | KMPP | Nimmala Sangaiah Naidu | INC |
| Narsapur | Padela Symasundara Rao | CPI | Bhupathiraju Lakshminarasaraju | CPI |
| Tanuku | Chitturu Indrayya | KMPP | Chitturi Subba Rao | INC |
| Penugonda | Dwarampudi Basivireddy | KMPP | Nadimipilli Tirupathiraju | INC |
| Kovvur | 1) Pinnamaneeni Sreeramachandra Rao | CPI | 2) Alluri Bapineedu | INC |
| Jaggayapeta | Pillalamarvi Venkateswarlu | CPI | Bandi Timpatayya | INC |
| Vijayavada | Tammina Potharaju | CPI | Maru Pilla Chetti | INC |
| Kanchikacherla | Vasireddi Rama Rao | CPI | Kakani Venkatratnam | INC |
| Tiruvur | Peta Rama Rao | CPI | Peta Bappaiah | INC |
| Kankipadu | Myneni Lakshmanaswamy | CPI | Edupuganti Bala Veeraghavayya | KLP |
| Nuzvid | Raja Meka Rangayya Appa Rao Bahadur
|
INC | P. V. Raghavayya | IND
|
| Gudivada | 1) Gungi Rama Rao 2) Katragadia Rajagopala Rao |
CPI CPI |
3) A. Gopalakrishnayya 4) Mangalagiri Ramdasu |
IND INC |
| Kaikalur | Adusnmolli Venkatasubramanyam | INC | Atluri Purnachalapathi Rao | CPI |
| Divi | 1) Chandra Ramalingaiah 2) Guntur Bapanayya |
CPI CPI |
3) Sreemanthu Raja Yarlagadda Sivaram Prasad Bahadur 4) Gattipati Brahmayya |
IND INC |
| Bandar | G. Anjeneyulu | CPI | R. Achyawnamaiah | INC |
| Vinukonda | Pulupula Venkatasivaiah | CPI | Paladugu Nagaiah Chowdhary | IND
|
| Palnadu | Kola Subba Reddy | CPI | Kasu Brahmananda Reddy | INC |
| Bellamkonda | Mandava Bapaiah Chowdary | IND
|
Bojja Adinarayana Rao | INC |
| Narasaraopet | N. Nallapati Venkataramiah | KMPP | Kasu Vengal Reddy | INC |
| Chilakaluripet | Karnam Ranga Rao | CPI | Balineni Nagaiah | INC |
| Sattenpalle | V. Gopalakrishniah | IND
|
Jetti Ankamma | IND
|
| Mangalagiri | Darsi Lakshmiah | CPI | Imgilapati Govinda Rao | KLP |
| Guntur | Nadimpalli Venkatalakshmi Narasimha Rao | KMPP | Yangalasetry Tirupattayya | CPI |
| Prathipadu | Tamma Kotamma Reddy | INC | Managva Seshayya | CPI |
| Duggirala | A. Rami Reddi | INC | K. Kotaiah | CPI |
| Tenali | Alapati Venkataramiah | INC | Rivissatyanarayana | KLP |
| Amarthalur | Gorikupudi Joseph | CPI | Velunolu Seetharamiah | INC |
| Repalle | M. Hanumantha Rao | CPI | Kalluri Chandramouli | INC |
| Bapatla | Vemmulapalli Srikrishna | INC | Nankena Venkataraju | CPI |
| Ponnur | Kolla Venkaiah | CPI | Coginam Lakshminarayana | KLP |
| Chirala | Pragada Kotaiah | KMPP | Uthukuri Upendra Gupta | IND
|
| Ongole | Kasukurthi Malakondiah | CPI | Madala Narayannaswami | CPI |
| Gudur | Pelleti Gopalakrishna Reddy | INC | Katamareddy Raja Rami Reddy | IND
|
| Venkatagiri | Padileti Venkatasami Reddy | INC | Katikinani Kalyan Rao | KLP |
| Rapur | D. Dasaratharamiah Naidu | INC | Ganga Ramanaiah | CPI |
| Nellore | 1) Khandavalli Krishna Rao 2)Swarna Vemayya |
IND IND |
3) Anam Chenchu Subba Reddy 4) Ponnaluru Veera Raghava Reddi |
INC IND |
| Kovur | Basavareddy Sankarayya | CPI | B. Seshu Reddy | INC |
| Atmakur | Ganga China Kondayya | IND
|
Gangavarapu Thirupathi Naidu | INC |
| Kavali | B. Ramakrishna Reddy | KMPP | R. Dasaratharami Reddy | INC |
| Udayagiri | Kovi Ramayya Chowdary | KMPP | Bezawada Gopala Reddy | INC |
| Kanigiri | Gujjala Yellamanda Reddy | CPI | Devi Reddi Lakhmireddy | INC |
| Kandukur | 10 Nalamothu Chenchurama Naidu 2) Kamatham Shanmugham |
INC INC |
3) Chukka Kottilingam 4) Guntapalli Venkatasubbiah |
IND IND |
| Darsi | Sanekomma Kasireddy | CPI | Ravipathi Mohanada | KLP |
| Markapur | N. Venkatayya | KLP | Yekkali Ramaiah | IND
|
| Cumbum | Pidathala Ranga Reddy | INC | Adapala Ramaswamy | IND
|
| Nandyal | Mallu Subba Reddy | IND
|
G. Rami Reddy | INC |
| Koikuntla | N. Venkatasubba Reddy | SP | B. V. Subba Reddy | INC |
| Dhone | Venkatasetty Kotrike | IND
|
Venkatasubbiah Nivarthi | INC |
| Nandikottur | C. Pulla Reddy | CPI | Subba Reddy | INC |
| Kurnool | D. Sanjeevayya | INC | N. Sankara Reddy | INC |
| Rajampet | Panjam Narasimha Reddy | CPI | Bandam Ratnasabapathi Setti | SP |
| Rayachoti | Adinarayana Reddy
|
KMPP | Gurjala Reddayya Naidu | SP |
| Cuddapah | K. Koti Reddy | INC | P. Seshiah Chetty | IND
|
| Badvel | Vedamani Chidanandam | IND
|
Bommu Ramareddy | INC |
| Proddatur | Kundala Balanarayana Reddy | INC | Panem Yonamani Reddy | KMPP |
| Kamalupuram | Narreddy Sivarami Reddy | CPI | Ramalinga Reddy | INC |
| Jammalamodugu | Kunda Ramiah | KMPP | Tatireddi Pullareddy | INC |
| Penukonda | Lakshminarayana Reddy | IND
|
Chitambara Reddy | INC |
| Hindupur | Sivasankara Reddy | INC | Sreenivasa Reddy | KMPP |
| Madakasira | Siddanna Gowd | IND
|
Venkatasivamma | INC |
| Kadiri | K. V. Vema Reddy | INC | Y. Papireddy | IND
|
| Dharmavaram | Srinivasalu Kasetty | KMPP | Venkatareddy, Gonuguntla | INC |
| Kalyandrug | Narayanappa Sanda | INC | B. Yeniswamy | CPI |
| Tadpatri | C. Subbarayudu | KMPP | J. C. Nagi Reddy | INC |
| Anantapur | T. Nagi Reddy | CPI | N. Sanjeeva Reddy | INC |
| Adoni | H. Ramalinga Reddy | IND
|
T. Mallayya | INC |
| Rayadurg | G. Nagabushanam | INC | Mullangi Chinna Basappa Chowdary | IND
|
| Chattu | T. N. Vankatasubba Reddy | INC | Alluru Narsinga Rao | IND
|
| Madanapalle | Dodda Seetharamiah | CPI | Gudreddigari Srinivasareddy | IND
|
| Punganur | B. Krishnamoorthy Rao | INC | Varanasi Raghunatha Reddy | IND
|
| Pileru | P. Thimma Reddy | KLP | N. Bhaskara Reddy | INC |
Palamaner
|
Ramabrahaman | INC | Soma Ram Reddy | KLP |
Chittoor
|
Chinama Reddy | IND
|
N. P. Chengalraya Naidu | INC |
| Tiruttani | Kidambi Varadachari | INC | M. Dorai Kannu | INC |
Puttur
|
Kumaraswami Rajah Bahadur | KMPP | R.B. Ramakrishna Raju | INC |
| Kalahasti | A. Balarami Reddy | INC | T. Venkatasubba Rao | KLP |
| Chandragiri | A. Adikesavalu Naiud | INC | V. Raja Reddy | IND
|
Mysore State
| Constituency | Winner | Party | Runner-up | Party |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coondapur | Manjayya Shetty | INC | Srinivasa Shetty | SP |
| Brahmavar | S. S. Kolkabail | KMPP | Jagjeevandoss Shetty | INC |
| Udipi | T. Anantha Pai | INC | K. Rama Rao | KMPP |
Karkal
|
A. B. Shetty | INC | M. Dharmasamarajaya | KMPP |
| Puttur | 1) K. Venkataramanna Gowda 2) K. Iswara |
INC INC |
3) K. Karanth 4) M. Naikker Ramanna |
KMPP KMPP |
| Mulky | N. N. Suvarna | INC | Sanjeevanath | SP |
| Mangalore | L. C. Pais | INC | A. Shantha Ram Pai | CPI |
| Panemangalore | Bantwal Vaikunta Baliga | INC | D. K. H. Alwa | IND
|
| Siruguppa | S. Parameswarappa | INC | S. Ranganna Gowd | IND
|
| Kollegal | S. C. Virupakshiah | INC | C. R. Subramani Iyer | IND
|
| Bellary | M. Gangappa | IND
|
A. Sumangalamma | INC |
| Hospet | R. Nagana Gowda | INC | Mahabaleswarappa | IND
|
| Kudligi | Kotrabasavana Goud | IND
|
T. M. Panchakshariah | INC |
| Harpanahalli | Sirasappa. Ijari | INC | K. B. R. Kotra Goud | IND
|
Kerala
Travancore-Cochin state to form Kerala
)| Constituency | Winner | Party | Runner-up | Party |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kasaragod | M . S . Mogral | INC | B. K. Sridharan | KMPP |
| Hosdurg (Kanhangad) | Narayanan Nambiar | KMPP | Kunnikannan Nambiar | INC |
| Nattika | Gopalakrishnan | CPI | Raman | INC |
| Ponnani | N. Gopala Menon | INC | K. C. Sankarann | INC |
| E. T. Kunhan | CPI | A. C. Raman | KMPP | |
| Tirur | K. Uppi Saheb | IUML | K. Ahmad Kutty | INC |
| Thrithala | K. B. Menon | SP | P. K. Moideen Kutty | INC |
| Perinthalmanna | Kunhimahamad Shafee Kallingal | IUML | P . Ahmad Kutty Sadhu | CPI |
| Mannarkkad | K. C. Gopalanunni | IND
|
Kurikal Ahmed | IND
|
| Pattambi | V . Sankara Narayana Menon | KMPP | A . Ramachandra Nedungadi | INC |
| Ottapalam | M . Narayana Kurup | KMPP | C . P . Madhavan Nair | INC |
| Palakkad | K. ramakrishnan | IND
|
P. Vasu Menon | INC |
| Alathur | K. Krishnan | CPI | Y. R. Ramanatha Iyer | IND
|
| O. Koran | KMPP | E. Eacharan | INC | |
| Malappuram | Miniyadam Chadayan | IUML | Karupadata Ibrahim | INC |
| Mohammad Haje Seethi | IUML | Kallayan Kunhambu | INC | |
| Kottakkal | Chakkeeri Ahmad Kutty
|
IUML | Kunjunni Nedumgadi, Ezhuthassan Kalathil | INC |
| Kozhikode | K. P. Kutty Krishnan Nair | INC | E. M. S. Namboodiripad | CPI |
| Chevayur | A. Appu | INC | Ayyadhan Balagopalan | KMPP |
| Wayanad | Manyangode Padmanabha Gounder | SP | Kozhipurath Madhava Menon | INC |
| Chomadi Velukkan | SP | Veliyan Nocharamooyal | INC | |
| Koyilandy | Chemmaratha Kunhriramakurup | KMPP | Anantapuram Patinhare Madam Vasudevan Nair | INC |
| Perambra | Kunhiram Kidavu Polloyil | KMPP | Kalandankutty, Puthiyottil | INC |
| Vadakara | Moidu Keloth | SP | Ayatathil Chattu | INC |
| Nadapuram | E . K . Sankara Varma Raja | INC | K . Thacharakandy | CPI |
| Thalassery | C. H. M. Kanaran | CPI | K. P. M. Raghavan Nair | INC |
| Kuthuparamba | Krishna Iyer | IND
|
Harindranabham, Kalliyat Thazhathuveethil | SP |
| Mattanur | Madhavan Nambiar, Kallorath | CPI | Subbarao | INC |
| Kannur | Kariath Sreedharan | KMPP | Pamban Madhavan | INC |
| Taliparamba | T. C. Narayanan Nambiar | CPI | V. V. Damodaran Nayanar | INC |
| Payyanur | K. P. Gopalan | CPI | Vivekananda Devappa Sernoy | INC |
Delimitation and Reorganisation
On 1 October 1953, a separate
Bellary District was merged with the then Mysore State
. This reduced the strength of the Legislative Assembly to 231.
On 1 November 1956,
Shenkottah taluk were merged into the State. Later in 1968, the state was renamed as Tamil Nadu. This led to re-organization of legislative assembly constituencies during 1957 assembly elections in the State.[44]
The strength of the Madras Legislative Assembly was increased to 205 in accordance with the new Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 1956, made by the Delimitation Commission of India under the provisions of the State Reorganisation Act, 1956.[14] The 1957 elections were conducted for these 205 seats.
See also
- Elections in Tamil Nadu
- Elections in Andhra Pradesh
- Elections in Kerala
- Legislature of Tamil Nadu
- Government of Tamil Nadu
Footnotes and References
- S2CID 145472845.
- ^ a b I. N. Tewary (1999). Political system: a micro perspective. New Delhi: Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 13.
- ISBN 81-7099-619-8.
- Namboodiripad, E.M.S. (1994). The Communist Party in Kerala: six decades of struggle and advance. National Book Centre. p. 273.
- ISBN 0873954416.
- ISBN 8170350271.
- ISBN 8175963166.
- ^ Foreign News: Shocking Truth, Time Magazine 10 February 1947
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-04019-8.
- ^ a b c "The Decline and Fall of Tamil Seccessionism in India Part 3 by DBS Jeyaraj, The Daily Mirror 10 October 2009". Archived from the original on 13 October 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
- ^ "Celebrating a half century, The Hindu 26 September 1998". Archived from the original on 29 March 2005. Retrieved 15 December 2009.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b "A Review of the Madras Legislative Assembly (1952-1957)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2011.
- ^ "The Representation of People Act, 1950" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2009.
- ^ a b The State Legislature – Origin and Evolution Archived 13 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Constituent Assembly of India Debates Vol IV, Friday 18 July 1947" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2009.
- ISBN 1-84331-136-4.
- JSTOR 2755132.
- S2CID 145124008.
- ^ a b "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ^ a b Baliga, B.S (2000). Madras District Gazetteers: Coimbatore. Superintendent, Govt. Press. pp. 155–6.
- ^ a b T. V. R. Shenoy (22 August 2001). "From Rajaji to Jayalalithaa". Rediff.
- JSTOR 3024481.
- ISBN 81-7027-176-2.
- ^ Walch, James (1976). Faction and front: party systems in South India. Young Asia Publications. p. 160.
- ^ OL 6874248M.
- ^ a b C. V. Gopalakrishnan (31 May 2001). "Of Governors and Chief Ministers". The Hindu. The Hindu Group. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Kaliyaperumal, M (1992). The office of the speaker in Tamilnadu : A study (PDF). Madras University. p. 91. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011.
- ^ a b "A Review of the Madras Legislative Assembly (1952-1957)" (PDF). Madras-2 Legislative Assembly Department. March 1957. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 November 2021.
- ^ "A review of the Madras Legislative Assembly 1952–1957" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2011.
- ^ Economist, Eastern (1965). Eastern Economist, Annual Number. p. 1172.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ISBN 9788172760496.
- ^ "A Review of the Madras Legislative Assembly (1952–1957) : Section I, Chapter IV" (PDF). Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
- ISBN 978-0-226-73137-7.
- ISBN 9788124108093.
- ^ "A review of the Madras Legislative Assembly (1952–1957) Section II" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2011.
- ISBN 81-7099-619-8.
- ^ Rao, Vadakattu Hanumantha (1983). Party politics in Andhra Pradesh, 1956-1983. ABA Publications. p. 128.
- ISBN 9788185381251.
- ^ James Walch. Faction and front: Party systems in South India. Young Asia Publications. pp. 162–163.
- ^ Vaigai Ramamurthi (20 September 2008). "A daughter remembers P. Ramamurti". The Hindu. The Hindu Group. Archived from the original on 22 September 2008. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
- ^ "Council of Ministers and their Portfolios (1952–1954)" (PDF). A Review of the Madras Legislative Assembly (1952–1957). Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2013.
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