1975 Pacific hurricane season
1975 Pacific hurricane season | |
---|---|
Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | June 2, 1975 |
Last system dissipated | November 7, 1975 |
Strongest storm | |
Name | Denise |
• Maximum winds | 140 mph (220 km/h) (1-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 934 mbar (hPa; 27.58 inHg) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total depressions | 21 |
Total storms | 17 |
Hurricanes | 9 |
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) | 4 |
Total fatalities | 30 total |
Total damage | $20 million (1975 USD) |
Related articles | |
The 1975 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1975, in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1975, in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1975. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeast Pacific Ocean.[1]
The 1975 Pacific hurricane season was slightly above average, with 17 tropical storms forming. Of these, 9 became hurricanes, and 4 became major hurricanes by reaching Category 3 or higher on the
Season summary
The season began with the formation of Tropical Depression One on June 2 and ended with the extratropical transition of Tropical Storm Priscilla on November 7. No named systems formed in May, two in June, four in July, six in August, three in September, one in October, and one in November.[2] The total length of the season, from the formation of the first depression to the dissipation of the last, was 158 days.
In the eastern Pacific (east of
The only systems to make landfall this year were Tropical Storm Eleanor and Hurricane Olivia. Besides these two systems, Hurricane Agatha caused the sinking of a ship carrying millions of dollars worth of cargo.[6][7] Tropical Storm Eleanor caused no serious impact.[4]
The most devastating storm of the season was Hurricane Olivia. A late-season major hurricane, Olivia
Systems
Hurricane Agatha
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 2 – June 5 |
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Peak intensity | 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min); ≤1005 mbar (hPa) |
An area of disturbed weather about 290 mi (467 km) southwest of
Even though Agatha passed close to Mexico as it weakened, no impact is known to have been caused.
Tropical Storm Bridget
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 28 – July 3 |
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Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); |
On June 27, a tropical depression formed about 575 mi (925 km) south of the tip of the
Hurricane Carlotta
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 2 – July 11 |
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Peak intensity | 125 mph (205 km/h) (1-min); |
A disturbance 480 mi (772 km) south of
Hurricane Denise
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 5 – July 15 |
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Peak intensity | 140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min); |
An unstable area developed a circulation and became a tropical depression on July 4. It headed west- northwest and became a tropical storm on July 7. The next day, it was a hurricane and turned to the west. Continuing to strengthen, it reached Category 4 intensity on July 9.[4] This windspeed was the highest of the season.[2] The hurricane turned to the southwest and gradually weakened. By July 11 it was nearly stationary. It then headed northwestward again and continued weakening, becoming a tropical storm on July 13. It weakened into a depression on July 14 and dissipated immediately thereafter. Denise brought winds of near-gale force to parts of Mexico, but otherwise caused no damage or casualties.[4]
Tropical Storm Eleanor
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 10 – July 12 |
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Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); |
An area of disturbed weather developed into a tropical depression on July 10, 100 mi (160 km) south of Acapulco. As its center of circulation became more pronounced and it was upgraded into Tropical Storm Eleanor. The tropical storm moved northwestward, and later curved northward. The system made landfall near Manzanillo on July 12. It quickly dissipated. Eleanor brought 20 mph (32 km/h) winds the Manzanillo, but damage from the storm is minor due to the lack of heavy rains.[4]
Tropical Storm Francene
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 27 – July 30 |
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Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); |
A rapidly moving squally area of disturbed weather that was moving on a northwestward path was upgraded into Tropical Depression Seven on July 27. It intensified into a tropical storm later that day. Francene turned to the west and weakened into a tropical depression on July 28. It slowly weakened and ceased to exist as a tropical cyclone on July 30. Francene's remnants persisted as a tropical disturbance for another twelve hours, before completely dissipating. This tropical cyclone caused no known impact.[4]
Tropical Storm Georgette
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 11 – August 14 |
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Peak intensity | 45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min); |
An area of disturbed weather about 800 mi (1,287 km) south-southwest of Cabo San Lucas organized a tropical depression on August 11. It was upgraded to tropical storm intensity the next day. After heading generally westward and peaking as a weak to moderate tropical storm on August 12, Georgette slowly weakened.[4] It weakened into a depression on August 14 and underwent extratropical transition thereafter. The cyclone dissipated twelve hours later.[2] Tropical Storm Georgette had no impact on land.[4]
Tropical Storm Hilary
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 13 – August 17 |
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Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); |
A tropical disturbance formed on August 11 and gradually organized. The next day, an atmospheric circulation developed. Based on this, this system was classified as Tropical Depression Nine on August 13. The depression quickly intensified into a tropical storm and was named Hilary. The system gradually accelerated to the northwest[4] and reached its peak strength on August 15 with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h).[2] Tropical Storm Hilary then started a gradual weakening trend. It became a depression on August 16, turned a little bit more westward, and dissipated on August 17. Hilary never came near land, and as such caused no death or damage.[4]
Hurricane Ilsa
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 18 – August 26 |
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Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min); |
On August 18, a tropical depression formed south of the
Hurricane Ilsa caused no casualties or damage.[4] As the unnamed hurricane formed from Ilsa's remnants,[5] Ilsa and the latter system are unofficially the same tropical cyclone. Indeed, this year's seasonal report from the Redwood City Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center, in the Monthly Weather Review includes a brief discussion of the unnamed hurricane in the report's section on Hurricane Ilsa.[4] Neither the Central Pacific Hurricane Center[10] nor the official HURDAT "best track" database of tropical cyclone location and intensity data explicitly considers them the same. Hence, as far as official records matter, Ilsa and the unnamed hurricane of August 31 – September 5 are different tropical cyclones.[2][5]
Hurricane Jewel
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 24 – August 31 |
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Peak intensity | 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min); |
On August 24, a tropical depression formed from a tropical disturbance about 250 mi (400 km) south of Acapulco. It intensified into Tropical Storm Jewel the next day. The tropical cyclone headed generally northwest and paralleled the coast of Mexico.[4] On August 27, Jewel became a hurricane for mere six hours,[2] the minimum possible time in HURDAT.[11] Jewel then turned to the west, and then back to the northwest. Jewel weakened to depression strength on August 31. Tropical Depression Jewel dissipated shortly after that, although its remnants remained distinct until September 3. There was no impact.[4]
Hurricane Katrina
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 29 – September 7 |
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Peak intensity | 130 mph (215 km/h) (1-min); |
On August 29, an area of weather developed directly into a tropical storm, skipping the tropical depression stage.
Unnamed hurricane
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 31 – September 5 |
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Peak intensity | 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min); 990 mbar (hPa) |
The remnants of Hurricane Ilsa interacted with a mid-level trough to produce a new low-level circulation on August 31, about 930 miles (1,500 km) northeast of Hawaii. The new system absorbed the remnants of Ilsa as it moved westward. Thunderstorms increased around the low, resembling a
Hurricane Lily
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 16 – September 21 |
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Peak intensity | 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min); |
Rain and wind reports from the
Tropical Storm Monica
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 28 – October 2 |
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Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); |
In late September, three tropical disturbances moved westward across the eastern Pacific Ocean. One of them organized into a tropical depression on September 28. The next day the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Monica. The tropical storm initially headed west-northwestward and gradually curved towards the north. It reached its peak intensity of 50 mph (85 km/h) on September 29. Monica then gradually weakened. It became a tropical depression on October 1. The cyclone dissipated shortly thereafter. No impact was reported in association with Tropical Storm Monica.[4]
Tropical Storm Nanette
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 28 – October 4 |
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Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); |
On September 28, a system developed into a tropical depression, simultaneously with Tropical Storm Monica.. It headed generally westward and on September 29, 18 hours after Monica did it, strengthened into a tropical storm.[2][4] Nanette continued out to sea and slowly strengthened. It peaked in windspeed of 50 mph (85 km/h) on October 3 and turned to the southwest. It then slowly weakened. On October 4, it weakened into a tropical depression and then degenerated into a disturbance that same day. No damage or deaths were reported.[4]
Hurricane Olivia
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 22 – October 25 |
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Peak intensity | 115 mph (185 km/h) (1-min); |
On October 22, Tropical Depression Eighteen formed from a cluster of three thunderstorms south of Mexico and then strengthened into a tropical storm.
Tropical Storm Priscilla
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 2 – November 7 |
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Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); |
A nearly stationary cloudy area developed a circulation on November 2. The depression drifted north for a while before turning to the west-northwest on November 3. It intensified into a tropical storm on November 4. Priscilla then began turning to the north. However, the system failed to re-curve, instead, the tropical storm turned generally westward. The tropical storm peaked in windspeed as a 65 mph (100 km/h) high-end storm on November 5. It then turned to the northwest on a heading nearly directly at Clarion Island, but it dissipated on November 7[2] about 115 mi (185 km) short of landfall.[4]
Other systems
Besides the tropical storms and hurricanes this season, there were four additional tropical depressions within the eastern Pacific. None of them made landfall anywhere or crossed into the central Pacific. Tropical Cyclone Four formed on July 2 and dissipated the next day. Tropical Cyclone Thirteen formed on September 12 and lasted four days. Tropical Cyclone Seventeen formed October 16 and dissipated a day later. Tropical Cyclone Nineteen formed on November 1 and also dissipated the next day.[4]
Storm names
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Pacific Ocean east of 140°W in 1975.[16] It was the same list used in the 1971 season.[17] No names were retired following the season; however, an overhaul of the naming system in 1978 to include male names resulted in this list being discarded.[18]
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The season's unnamed hurricane was the only tropical cyclone reported in the North Pacific between 140°W and the International Date Line in 1975.[5][19] Had the system been named, it would have been assigned one from the west Pacific's typhoon name list by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center on Guam.[16]
See also
- List of Pacific hurricanes
- Pacific hurricane season
- 1975 Atlantic hurricane season
- 1975 Pacific typhoon season
- 1975 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- Australian cyclone seasons: 1974–75, 1975–76
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1974–75, 1975–76
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1974–75, 1975–76
References
- ^ Dorst Neal. "When is hurricane season?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 6 December 2010. Retrieved November 25, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Eastern Pacific hurricane best track analysis 1949-2010". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. March 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-10-08. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
- ^ "Background Information: East Pacific Hurricane Season". Climate Prediction Center. Archived from the original on 2009-05-09. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
- ^ .
- ^ a b c d e f "The 1975 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved March 31, 2021.
- ^ Independent Press-Telegram. 1975-06-08. p. 1.
- ^ a b "Disabled Freighter Sinks" (PDF). Logansport Pharos-Tribune and Press. 1975-06-08. p. 3.
- ^ "Western Mexico hurricanes". USA Today. 1999-06-10. Archived from the original on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
- ^ Long Beach Independent. p. 3.
- ^ "Previous Tropical Systems in the Central Pacific". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on 2009-04-28. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
- ^ "Original HURDAT format". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 1 November 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ Staff writer (1975-10-26). "30000 Homeless, 25 dead in Hurricane". Tri City Herald. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-02-11.[permanent dead link]
- ^ John Schmidt (1975-10-28). "Farmers View Wreckage". The Calgary Herald. Archived from the original on 2018-09-15. Retrieved 2011-02-11.
- ^ NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. May 1975. pp. 93, 95. Archived(PDF) from the original on February 1, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
- NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. May 1971. p. 97. Archived(PDF) from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on June 27, 2012. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
- ^ Pao-Shin Chu; Peng Wu (2008). Climatic Atlas of Tropical Cyclone Tracks over the Central North Pacific (PDF) (Report). University of Hawaii-Manoa. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2024.