1990s in Japan
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This article is part of the series |
Decades in Japan |
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The 1990s in Japan was the beginning of economic turmoil and
Technology
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General trends
Japanese vehicles began to exceed North American standards in terms of fuel efficiency, as advancements in technology allowed them to achieve higher
Video games
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While new gaming consoles like the
Even the Nintendo Game Boy acquired popularity in Japan (spawning a lineup of Japan-exclusive video games)[7] and eventually the Japanese release of the Nintendo Game Boy Advance. Nintendo Power wrote an exposé about Japanese video games (using one of its first 50 issues). The exposé stated that Japanese video games were less censored than their North American counterparts. Video games that were released in Japan employed some form of sexual content,[8] brought forth the invocation of religious symbols,[8] utilized a level of violence never seen in North American games[8] (until the release of Doom in the mid-1990s), and mentioning tobacco in addition to alcohol so that the story could have more flavor.[8] Some of these Japanese games, which were uncensored, even included the use of vulgar language.
The
Entertainment
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Sports
Professional wrestling continued to decline well into the 1990s like it did in the 1980s.
Races often took place at either
During the 1990s, it became increasingly rare for Japanese businessmen to be able to play golf alongside their employers. Golf courses began closing up by the bundles and many young men (who would otherwise enter the workforce under a more ideal economy) began only to have golf experience from their years as a student. Besides the sporting aspect, golf was used in Japan in order to adapt to corporate culture.[11]
The 1990s was also the decade that the American film
Television and movies
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Anime like
Timeline
Social
Employment
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While people were losing their jobs, technology still was advancing at an exponential rate—making more jobs obsolete as new technologies replaced the old.
As of March 2010, the unemployment rate in Japan was 4.9%;
Population decline
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The 1990s would be the final decade where the
Terrorism
The Tokyo subway sarin attack, usually referred to in the Japanese media as the Subway Sarin Incident (地下鉄サリン事件 Chikatetsu Sarin Jiken?), was an act of domestic terrorism perpetrated on March 20, 1995, in Tokyo, Japan by members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult.
In five coordinated attacks, the perpetrators released sarin on several lines of the Tokyo subway, killing 13 people, severely injuring 50 and causing temporary vision problems for nearly 1,000 others. The attack was directed against trains passing through Kasumigaseki and Nagatachō, home to the Japanese government. It was the most serious attack to occur in Japan since the end of World War II.
The Great Hanshin Earthquake
The Great Hanshin Earthquake, which occurred on January 17, 1995, in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, was a devastating event. It measured 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum intensity of 7 on the JMA Seismic Intensity Scale. The earthquake resulted in approximately 6,434 deaths, with Kobe being the most severely affected city.
The quake was an "inland shallow earthquake" caused by the movement along active faults, notably the Nojima Fault on Awaji and the Suma and Suwayama faults in Kobe. It lasted for 20 seconds, causing significant damage, including destroying nearly 400,000 buildings, elevated road and rail bridges, and port quays. Approximately 300 fires were triggered, and water, electricity, and gas supply disruptions were widespread.
The majority of the casualties occurred in Hyōgo Prefecture, with over 4,000 deaths. Structural damage was severe, with one in five uninhabitable buildings in the worst-hit areas. The earthquake also profoundly impacted transportation infrastructure, with elevated expressways and railways sustaining substantial damage.
The earthquake prompted a reassessment of building codes and construction practices. Despite initial beliefs that collapsed structures were negligently constructed, it was later revealed that many complied with the building codes of the 1960s, which were later found to be inadequate. The damage highlighted the vulnerability of certain construction methods, particularly those predating the 1981 building code revision.
The earthquake caused subsidence in artificial islands, such as Rokkō Island and Port Island in Kobe, due to liquefaction. Notably, the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge, under construction near the epicenter, was undamaged but experienced horizontal displacement.
In the aftermath, there were extensive efforts to repair and rebuild infrastructure, with the Kobe Municipal Subway resuming operations a day after the earthquake. The earthquake had a lasting impact on seismic regulations and disaster preparedness in Japan.
See also
References
- ^ a b Hayashi, Fumio; Prescott, Edward C. (August 2003). "The 1990s in Japan: A lost Decade" (PDF).
- ^ Krauss, Clifford (May 10, 2008). "Gas Prices Send Surge of Riders to Mass Transit". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
- ^ a b c d e f When Gas Hits $20 Per Gallon
- ISBN 978-0-7615-3643-7.
- ^ "Business Development/Japan". Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Archived from the original on 2007-12-17. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
- ^ "販売本数ランキング". ゲームランキング. Archived from the original on 2012-05-10. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- ^ "Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (PDF). Nintendo. 2010-01-27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-02-24. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
- ^ a b c d "Nintendo Censorship Rules". Filibuster Cartoons. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
- ^ "[セガハード大百科] メガCD". 2004. Archived from the original on 1 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
- ^ "Skinner wins NASCAR exhibition in Japan". Sunday Free Lance-Star. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
- ^ "Japan's Golf Course and the Environment". Archived from the original on 2010-06-06. Retrieved 2010-02-24.
- ^ "MOVIE REVIEW : 'Mr. Baseball' a Culture-Clash Comedy". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
- OCLC 47255331.
- ^ Clyde Haberman (1987-01-15). "Japan's Zodiac: '66 was a very odd year". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-10-21.
- ^ https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100301/ap_on_bi_ge/as_japan_economy Japan's Unemployment Rate - March 2010