1991 Hong Kong legislative election
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| Registered | 1,916,925 (GC) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 750,467 (39.15%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Elected candidates by each constituency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The 1991 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held for members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo). The election of the members of functional constituencies was held on 12 September 1991 and the election of geographical constituency seats was held on 15 September respectively. It was the first ever direct election of the Legislative Council in Hong Kong history. There were 18 members from directly elected geographical constituencies, 21 members from functional constituencies, 17 members appointed by the Governor, and 3 official members.
A coalition of the
simple plurality
in the next election.
Background
After the
District Boards and the two municipal councils (Urban Council and Regional Council
) remained in the 1988 elections but it was promised by the government that direct elections would be introduced in the 1991 elections.
Overview
The Hong Kong government's assumed the
two-seat constituencies would produce a mixture of liberal, rural conservative and business representatives as well as some members of the "United Front" organisations which supported by Beijing, as the voters would cast their ballots for prominent individuals rather than a "party" label.[1]
However, the two-seat and two-vote system benefited the pro-democracy coalition in the end.
The election was largely affected by the events in May and June 1989 in China when the
Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood came together under the banner of the United Democrats of Hong Kong
, which self-proclaimed as the first political party in Hong Kong.
The pro-democracy liberals won a landslide in the geographical constituency direct elections. The United Democrats led by Martin Lee became the largest party, by winning 12 of the 18 seats in the geographical constituencies. Two other seats went to its ally Meeting Point headed by
Andrew Wong and the other to an incumbent rural conservative Tai Chin-wah.[1]
The conservative
pro-Beijing "united front" organisations received only 7.9% of the vote and were also very easily defeated. Chan Yuen-han, the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) candidate in Kowloon Central polled about 11,000 votes fewer than the second place United Democrat, Dr. Conrad Lam and was about 23,000 votes behind the winner, United Democrat Lau Chin-shek. In Island East, Cheng Kai-nam who had the support of a pro-Beijing group, Hong Kong Citizen Forum, polled 29,902 against the United Democrats' leader Martin Lee, who received 76,831 votes.[1]
The advantage of the liberals was balanced with the functional constituency indirectly elected by the limited electorates of the business and professional sectors as well as the appointed members by the government. the
David Ford said on television that the elections should be seen in the context of a 50% registration rate, of whom perhaps only 50% might turn out at the polls therefore the majority who were not represented would be reserved by appointing members who might be thought to represent those who had not registered or had not voted.[1]
General results
| Political affiliation | Geographical constituencies | Functional constituencies | Total seats | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Candidates | Seats | Votes | % | Candidates | Seats | ||||
| United Democrats of Hong Kong | 618,209 | 45.15 | 14 | 12 | 15,208 | 66.46 | 3 | 2 | 14 | ||
| Meeting Point | 98,588 | 7.20 | 3 | 2 | − | − | − | − | 2 | ||
| Hong Kong Democratic Foundation | 19,806 | 1.45 | 1 | 0 | 487 | 2.13 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood | 60,770 | 4.44 | 3 | 1 | − | − | − | − | 1 | ||
| Independents and others | 46,515 | 3.40 | 1 | 1 | − | − | − | − | 1 | ||
| Total for Liberals | 843,888 | 61.63 | 22 | 16 | 15,695 | 68.59 | 5 | 4 | 20 | ||
| Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong | 69,832 | 5.10 | 5 | 0 | 1,118 | 4.89 | 5 | 3 | 3 | ||
| Business and Professionals Federation of Hong Kong | − | − | − | − | 968 | 4.23 | 3 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Federation for the Stability of Hong Kong | 30,871 | 2.25 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 0.04 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||
| Total for Conservatives | 100,703 | 7.35 | 6 | 1 | 2,096 | 9.16 | 10 | 6 | 7 | ||
| Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions | 44,894 | 3.28 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| New Hong Kong Alliance | 11,934 | 0.87 | 2 | 0 | 136 | 0.59 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Hong Kong Citizen Forum | 29,902 | 2.18 | 1 | 0 | − | − | − | − | 0 | ||
| Kwun Tong Man Chung Friendship Promotion Association | 21,225 | 1.55 | 1 | 0 | − | − | − | − | 0 | ||
| Total for pro-Beijing | 107,955 | 7.88 | 5 | 0 | 136 | 0.59 | 3 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council | 3,393 | 0.25 | 1 | 0 | − | − | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Hong Kong Civic Association | 14,145 | 1.03 | 1 | 0 | − | − | − | − | 0 | ||
| Reform Club of Hong Kong | 8,257 | 0.60 | 1 | 0 | − | − | − | − | 0 | ||
October Review
|
3,431 | 0.25 | 1 | 0 | − | − | − | − | 0 | ||
| Independents and others | 287,561 | 21.00 | 17 | 1 | 4,957 | 21.66 | 21 | 8 | 9 | ||
| Total (turnout 39.15%) | 1,369,333 | 100.00 | 54 | 18 | 22,884 | 100.00 | 40 | 21 | 39 | ||
Note: There were also 18 members appointed by the Governor and 3 Ex-Officio members.
Votes summary
Seats summary
Result breakdown
Geographical Constituencies
| Constituency | Candidates | Affiliation | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hong Kong Island East | Martin Lee Chu-ming
|
United Democrats | 76,831 | 74.6 | |
| Man Sai-cheong | United Democrats | 43,615 | 42.3 | ||
| Cheng Kai-nam | Citizen Forum | 29,902 | 29.0 | ||
| Chan Ying-lun | HKDF | 19,806 | 19.2 | ||
Diana Leung Wai-tung
|
Independent
|
15,230 | 14.8 | ||
Jennifer Chow Kit-bing
|
Independent
|
5,805 | 5.6 | ||
| Hong Kong Island West | Yeung Sum | United Democrats | 45,108 | 65.4 | |
| Huang Chen-ya | United Democrats | 31,052 | 45.0 | ||
| David Chan Yuk-cheung | Independent
|
29,413 | 42.6 | ||
Alexander Chang Yau-hung
|
LDF | 12,145 | 17.6 | ||
Ronnie Wong Man-chiu
|
NHKA | 6,113 | 8.9 | ||
| Winnie Cheung Wai-sun | NHKA | 5,821 | 8.4 | ||
| Kowloon East | Szeto Wah | United Democrats | 57,921 | 70.3 | |
Li Wah-ming
|
Meeting Point | 49,643 | 60.2 | ||
| Hau Shui-pui | KTMCA | 21,225 | 25.8 | ||
| Poon Chi-fai | Independent
|
16,625 | 20.2 | ||
| Chan Cheong | October Review
|
3,431 | 4.2 | ||
| Li Ting-kit | TUC | 3,393 | 4.1 | ||
| Philip Li Koi-hop | Nonpartisan (LDF )
|
865 | 1.0 | ||
| Kowloon Central | Lau Chin-shek | United Democrats | 68,489 | 62.2 | |
Conrad Lam Kui-shing
|
United Democrats | 56,084 | 51.0 | ||
| Chan Yuen-han | FTU | 44,894 | 40.8 | ||
| Peter Chan Chi-kwan | Civic | 14,145 | 12.9 | ||
Cecilia Yeung Lai-yin
|
Reform | 8,257 | 7.5 | ||
| John Dragon Young | ) | 6,273 | 5.7 | ||
| Justin Cheung Chung-ming | Independent
|
2,158 | 2.0 | ||
| Kowloon West | Frederick Fung Kin-kee
|
ADPL
|
36,508 | 52.5 | |
James To Kun-sun
|
United Democrats | 26,352 | 37.9 | ||
Desmond Lee Yu-tai
|
) | 21,471 | 30.9 | ||
Kingsley Sit Ho-yin
|
Independent
|
18,634 | 26.8 | ||
| Law Cheung-kwok | ADPL
|
17,145 | 24.7 | ||
| Ng Kin-sun | LDF | 6,098 | 8.8 | ||
| New Territories East | Emily Lau Wai-hing
|
Independent
|
46,515 | 48.1 | |
Andrew Wong Wang-fat
|
Independent
|
39,806 | 41.2 | ||
| Tony Kan Chung-nin | Independent
|
37,126 | 38.4 | ||
| Lau Kong-wah | United Democrats | 26,659 | 27.6 | ||
| Johnston Wong Hong-chung | United Democrats | 26,156 | 27.1 | ||
| Choi Man-hing | Independent
|
348 | 0.4 | ||
| Eric Leung Ka-ching | Independent
|
306 | 0.3 | ||
| New Territories South | Lee Wing-tat | United Democrats | 52,192 | 56.9 | |
Albert Chan Wai-yip
|
United Democrats | 42,164 | 45.9 | ||
| Leung Yiu-chung | Independent (NWSC )
|
38,568 | 42.0 | ||
| Yeung Fuk-kwong | Independent (PHKS )
|
30,095 | 32.8 | ||
| New Territories West | Ng Ming-yum | United Democrats | 42,319 | 51.9 | |
| Tai Chin-wah | FSHK | 30,871 | 37.9 | ||
Zachary Wong Wai-yin
|
Meeting Point | 27,243 | 33.4 | ||
| Tang Siu-tong | Independent
|
23,389 | 28.7 | ||
Tso Shiu-wai
|
LDF | 20,018 | 24.6 | ||
| New Territories North | Fung Chi-wood | United Democrats | 23,267 | 49.9 | |
| Tik Chi-yuen | Meeting Point | 21,702 | 46.5 | ||
| Cheung Hon-chung | LDF | 16,221 | 34.8 | ||
| Johnny Wong Chi-keung | LDF | 15,350 | 32.9 | ||
Ronald Chow Mei-tak
|
ADPL
|
7,117 | 15.3 | ||
| Tong Wai-man | Independent
|
1,449 | 3.1 | ||
Functional Constituencies
| Constituency | Candidates | Affiliation | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Commercial | James David McGregor
|
HKDF | 487 | 53.9 | |
Paul Cheng Ming-fun
|
BPF | 416 | 46.1 | ||
| Second Commercial | Philip Wong Yu-hong
|
NHKA | Uncontested | ||
| First Industrial | Stephen Cheong Kam-chuen
|
BPF | Uncontested | ||
| Second Industrial | Ngai Shiu-kit | LDF | 216 | 56.5 | |
| Szeto Fai | Independent
|
166 | 43.5 | ||
| Engineering | Samuel Wong Ping-wai
|
Independent
|
1,334 | 89.8 | |
| Hogan Tang Ka-fat | Independent
|
151 | 10.2 | ||
Architectural, Surveying
and Planning |
Edward Ho Sing-tin
|
BPF | 552 | 53.7 | |
| Francis Lau Shiu-kwan | LDF | 246 | 23.9 | ||
| Kan Fook-yee | NHKA | 136 | 13.2 | ||
| Charles Nicholas Brooke | Independent
|
94 | 9.1 | ||
| Real Estate and Construction | Ronald Joseph Arculli
|
Independent
|
Uncontested | ||
| Teaching | Cheung Man-kwong | United Democrats | 15,193 | 89.8 | |
| Ho King-on | Independent
|
886 | 5.2 | ||
| Walter Wou Tchong-hong | Independent
|
836 | 4.9 | ||
| Tourism | Howard Young | LDF | 338 | 40.7 | |
| Harold Wu Tan | LDF | 318 | 38.3 | ||
| Ronnie Yuen Ka-chai | Independent
|
175 | 21.1 | ||
| Accountancy | Peter Wong Hong-yuen | LDF | Uncontested | ||
| Legal | Simon Ip Sik-on
|
Independent
|
542 | 77.4 | |
| John William Miller | Independent
|
158 | 22.6 | ||
| Social Services | Hui Yin-fat | Independent
|
Uncontested | ||
| Health Care | Michael Ho Mun-ka
|
United Democrats | Uncontested | ||
| Medical | Leong Che-hung
|
HKDF | Uncontested | ||
| Finance | David Li Kwok-po
|
Independent
|
Uncontested | ||
| Financial Services | Chim Pui-chung | Independent
|
281 | 47.6 | |
| Alex Wong Po-hang | Independent
|
200 | 33.9 | ||
| Cham Yau-tong | Independent
|
59 | 10.0 | ||
| Peter Chan Po-fun | Independent
|
36 | 6.1 | ||
| Chum Ting-pong | Independent
|
9 | 1.5 | ||
| Wong Wun-wing | Independent
|
5 | 0.8 | ||
| Labour (2 seats) | Pang Chun-hoi | TUC | Uncontested | ||
| Tam Yiu-chung | FTU | Uncontested | |||
| Urban Council | Elsie Tu | Independent
|
Uncontested | ||
| Regional Council | Gilbert Leung Kam-ho
|
Independent
|
20 | 40.0 | |
| Chow Yick-hay | United Democrats | 15 | 30.0 | ||
Lam Wai-keung
|
FSHK | 10 | 20.0 | ||
| Chau Chun-wing | Independent
|
5 | 10.0 | ||
Rural
|
Lau Wong-fat | FSHK | Uncontested | ||
References
Bibliography
- An Overview of the Hong Kong Legislative Council Elections of 1991 The Asian Journal of Public Administration Vol. 13 No. 2 (1991 Dec).